ArticleESC heart failure2021
Dynamics of growth differentiation factor 15 in acute heart failure.
Article in ESC heart failure, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Level of Growth-Differentiation Factor 15 and Mortality of Patients With Acute Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammation and remodeling pathways and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with ischemic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Roles of GDF-15 in Acute Heart Failure: from Mechanistic Insights to Clinical Applications.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Integrating Novel Biomarkers into Clinical Practice: A Practical Framework for Diagnosis and Management of Cardiorenal Syndrome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- New Biomarkers in the Prognostic Assessment of Acute Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Beyond Natriuretic Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Insights into the Novel Cardiac Biomarker in Acute Heart Failure: Mybp-C.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), a New Biomarker in Heart Failure Management.Current heart failure reports · 2023Review
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Predicts Mortality and Heart Failure Exacerbation But Not Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Cardiomyopathy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Observational
- Inflammation in acute heart failure.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- A Rising Star of the Multimarker Panel: Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Levels Are an Independent Predictor of Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients Admitted to an Emergency Clinical Hospital from Eastern Europe.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Advanced Heart Failure: Beyond GFR and Proteinuria.Current heart failure reports · 2022Review
- Dynamics of growth differentiation factor 15 in acute heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsRisk stratification in acute heart failure (HF) patients can help to decide therapies and time for discharge. The potential of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in HF has been previously shown. We aimed to study the importance of GDF-15-level variations in acute HF patients. METHODS AND
resultsWe retrospectively evaluated a cohort of patients hospitalized due to acute HF. GDF-15 was measured both at admission and on the discharge day. Patients were followed-up during a 3 year period. The endpoint under analysis was all-cause mortality. GDF-15 variation is equal to [(admission GDF-15 - discharge GDF-15)∕admission GDF-15] × 100. Variation was categorized in levels of increase or decrease of GDF-15. Patients were cross-classified according to admission and discharge GDF-15 cut-off points. A Cox regression analysis was used to assess the prognostic impact of GDF-15 variation and the impact of both admission and discharge GDF-15 according to the cross-classification. We studied a group of 249 patients with high co-morbidity burden. Eighty-one patients died at 1 year and 147 within 3 years. There was a modest decrease in GDF-15 during hospitalization from a median value of 4087 to 3671 ng/mL (P = 0.02). No association existed between GDF-15 variation and mortality. In multivariate analysis, patients with admission GDF-15 ≥ 3500 ng/mL and discharge GDF-15 ≥ 3000 ng/mL had a significantly higher 1 year death risk when compared with the remaining-hazard ratio = 2.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.41-4.76)-and a 3 year 1.76 (95% confidence interval: 1.08-2.87) higher death risk compared with those with both values below the cut-off.
conclusionsGrowth differentiation factor 15 decreased during an acute HF hospitalization, but its variation had no prognostic implications. The knowledge of both admission and discharge GDF-15 added meaningful information to patients' risk stratification.
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