ArticleCellular microbiology2021
Pathogenesis of Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti in TLR4-Competent and TLR4-dysfunctional C3H mice.
Article in Cellular microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strain-specific immune response patterns toInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Tick-Borne Co-Infection in Lyme Disease: Clinical Impact, Diagnostic Challenges, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Characterizing the impact of intracutaneous dissemination on host responses duringFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Long-term survival ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Development of a Deer Tick Virus Infection Model in C3H/HeJ Mice to Mimic Human Clinical Outcomes.Viruses · 2025Article
- Temporal Dynamic Interplay of Mouse Proteome during ProtozoanJournal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Meta-analysis of tick-borne and other pathogens: Co-infection or co-detection? That is the question.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Review
- Impact ofFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Transmission Cycle of Tick-Borne Infections and Co-Infections, Animal Models and Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Recent Advances in the Immunologic Method Applied to Tick-Borne Diseases in Brazil.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sciatic-Vagal Nerve Stimulation by Electroacupuncture Alleviates Inflammatory Arthritis in Lyme Disease-Susceptible C3H Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis of Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti in TLR4-Competent and TLR4-dysfunctional C3H mice.Cellular microbiology · 2021Article
- Lessons Learned for Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Disease of Erythrocytic Parasites:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of membrane-spanning proteins of host cells. TLR2 and TLR4 are displayed on the surface of macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells and recognise structurally conserved microbial signatures defined as Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). C3H mice are susceptible to tick-borne pathogens; Lyme disease causing Borrelia burgdorferi that manifests arthritis and carditis and Apicomplexan protozoan, Babesia microti (Bm) that causes significant parasitemia associated with erythrocytopenia and haemoglobinuria. B. burgdorferi lacks typical TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Bm TLR ligand(s) remain unknown. Only Borrelia lipoproteins that signal through TLR2 are established as PAMPs of these pathogens for TLR2/TLR4. Infection of C3H mice with each pathogen individually resulted in increase in the percentage of splenic B, T and FcR+ cells while their co-infection significantly diminished levels of these cells and caused increased B. burgdorferi burden in the specific organs. The most pronounced inflammatory arthritis was observed in co-infected C3H/HeJ mice. Parasitemia levels and kinetics of resolution of Bm in both mice strains were not significantly different. Transfected HEK293 cells showed pronounced signalling by B. burgdorferi through TLR2 and to some extent by TLR4 while Bm and infected erythrocytes did not show any response confirming our results in mice.
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