ReviewCurrent oncology reports2021
Cardiotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Review in Current oncology reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of tumor immunotherapy on kidney injury and multi-organ outcomes: a mechanistic and clinical perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The influence of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on the risk of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitorsJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Low-dose radiotherapy as an immunomodulator in cancer: dose-specific mechanisms and hybrid high-dose/low-dose strategies.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- The Cardio-Onco-Immune Axis: immunopathological mechanisms in the cardiac microenvironment of checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Multidimensional perspectives on cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity: Characteristics, mechanisms, biomarkers, psychological stress effects, and treatment progress.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Review
- A narrative review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity in lung cancer: mechanisms, risk stratification, and clinical management.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Stratification and Surveillance in Cardio-Oncology: Mechanistic Foundations and Future Directions.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Disproportionality analysis of drug-induced myocarditis: Insights from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Multicenter machine learning model for assessing the impact of malignancy on in-hospital mortality in heart failure patients: a clinical decision support system with interpretable artificial intelligence.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Preliminary exploration of the role of CD8Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Electrocardiographic changes in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiac injury: a narrative review.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2026Review
- Cardiac adverse events associated with dual immune checkpoint inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance analysis from the FDA adverse event reporting system.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2026Article
- Exploring Pembrolizumab-Induced IM3OS in a Patient With Bladder Cancer.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: Risk, Diagnosis, and Clinical Impact.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity is associated with dysfunctional metabolism, muscle wasting and autophagy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrated risk stratification for ICI-associated myocarditis: a baseline hematological profile and a combined ECG and enzymatic signature at onset.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors in infectious myocarditis: pathogen-specific recognition, spatiotemporal dynamic regulation and clinical translation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- The gut microbiota: an emerging therapeutic target for ICI-associated myocarditis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The emerging role of echocardiography-based techniques in cardio-onco-hematology.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the survival of several cancers. However, they may cause a wide range of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). While most irAEs are manageable with temporary cessation of ICI and immunosuppression, cardiovascular toxicity can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. As ICIs evolve to include high-risk patients with preexisting cardiovascular risk factors and disease, the risk and relevance of ICI-associated cardiotoxicity may be even higher. RECENT
findingsSeveral cardiovascular toxicities such as myocarditis, stress cardiomyopathy, and pericardial disease have been reported in association with ICIs. Recent findings also suggest an increased risk of atherosclerosis with ICI use. ICI-associated myocarditis usually occurs early after initiation and can be fulminant. A high index of suspicion is required for timely diagnosis. Prompt treatment with high-dose corticosteroids is shown to improve outcomes. Although the overall incidence is rare, ICI cardiotoxicity, particularly myocarditis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, making it a major therapy-limiting adverse event. Early recognition and prompt treatment with the cessation of ICI therapy and initiation of high-dose corticosteroids are crucial to improve outcomes. Cardio-oncologists will need to play an important role not just in the management of acute cardiotoxicity but also to reduce the risk of long-term sequelae.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.