ReviewSN comprehensive clinical medicine2021
The Complexity of Co-Infections in the Era of COVID-19.
Review in SN comprehensive clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Bacterial Superinfections After SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, Impact on Inflammatory Profiles, Severity Scores, and Clinical Outcomes.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Co-Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) and Human Coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1).European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2025Article
- Rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection during the COVID-19 pandemic period.Virulence · 2024Article
- Article
- Ten-year retrospective data analysis reveals frequent respiratory co-infections in hospitalized patients in Augsburg.iScience · 2024Article
- Analysis of the epidemiological situation of influenza in Guangzhou under the prevention and control of COVID-19 in June 2022.The clinical respiratory journal · 2024Article
- Antifungal Action of Herbal Plants' Glycolic Extracts againstMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Use of RT-PCR in conjunction with a respiratory pathogen assay to concurrently determine the prevalence of bacteria and SARS-CoV-2 from the nasopharynx of outpatients.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2023Article
- Black Fungus and beyond: COVID-19 associated infections.Clinical imaging · 2022Review
- Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS-CoV-2-specific data.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Article
- Mucormycosis, one month after recovery from COVID-19: A case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Distribution of Viral Respiratory Pathogens During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-Center Pediatric Study from Turkey.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Solidifying diagnostics in SARS-CoV-2 research.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2022Article
- Coinfection of fungi with SARS-CoV-2 is a detrimental health risk for COVID-19 patients.Beni-Suef University journal of basic and applied sciences · 2022Review
- From asymptomatic to critical illness: decoding various clinical stages of COVID-19Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2021Article
- Mixed invasive fungal infections among COVID-19 patients.Current medical mycology · 2021Article
- Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on circulating respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current frequency of COVID-19 in a pandemic era ensures that co-infections with a variety of co-pathogens will occur. Generally, there is a low rate of bonafide co-infections in early COVID-19 pulmonary infection as currently appreciated. Reports of high co-infection rates must be tempered by limitations in current diagnostic methods since amplification technologies do not necessarily confirm live pathogen and may be subject to considerable laboratory variation. Some laboratory methods may not exclude commensal microbes. Concurrent serodiagnoses have long been of concern for accuracy in these contexts. Presumed virus co-infections are not specific to COVID-19. The association of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 in co-infection has been considerably variable during influenza season. Other respiratory virus co-infections have generally occurred in less than 10% of COVID-19 patients. Early COVID-19 disease is more commonly associated with bacterial co-pathogens that typically represent usual respiratory micro-organisms. Late infections, especially among severe clinical presentations, are more likely to be associated with nosocomial or opportunistic pathogens given the influence of treatments that can include antibiotics, antivirals, immunomodulating agents, blood products, immunotherapy, steroids, and invasive procedures. As anticipated, hospital care carries risk for multi-resistant bacteria. Overall, co-pathogen identification is linked with longer hospital stay, greater patient complexity, and adverse outcomes. As for other viral infections, a general reduction in the use of empiric antibiotic treatment is warranted. Further insight into co-infections with COVID-19 will contribute overall to effective antimicrobial therapies and disease control.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.