ArticleGlobal health & medicine2021
Epidemiological correlation between COVID-19 epidemic and prevalence of α-1 antitrypsin deficiency in the world.
Article in Global health & medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 outcomes in individuals with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in Sweden.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Role of the alpha-1 antitrypsin in the progression and severity of COVID-19 infection among Saudi patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- The Inhibition of Serine Proteases by Serpins Is Augmented by Negatively Charged Heparin: A Concise Review of Some Clinically Relevant Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- COVID-19 in Individuals with Severe Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin antagonizes COVID-19: a review of the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and clinical evidence.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Review
- Severe COVID-19 Illness and α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: COVID-AATD Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Comparison of COVID-19 Outcomes With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Prevalence in Europe: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- Enoxaparin augments alpha-1-antitrypsin inhibition of TMPRSS2, a promising drug combination against COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: Are Africa's Prevalence and Mortality Rates Relatively Low?Advances in virology · 2022Review
- Correlation between α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Epidemiological Data and Pathogenetic Hypotheses.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Insights into the potential role of alpha1-antitrypsin in COVID-19 patients: Mechanisms, current update, and future perspectives.The clinical respiratory journal · 2021Article
- Does Genetic Predisposition Contribute to the Exacerbation of COVID-19 Symptoms in Individuals with Comorbidities and Explain the Huge Mortality Disparity between the East and the West?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin in COVID-19 patients: a dual-center screening study in Malaysia.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Among 68 countries in the world, severity of the COVID-19 epidemic was correlated with the prevalence of α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. For the severe variant, PI*Z, the correlation coefficient (CC) was 0.8584 for the number of patients and 0.8713 for the number of deaths. For the milder variant, PI*S, it was 0.5818 and 0.6326, respectively. In Japan, the number of patients and deaths correlated with the population size with a CC of 0.6667 and 0.7074 respectively, and was proportional to the population size to the power of 1.65 and 1.54. The prevalence of AAT deficiency also correlated with the epidemiological pattern of COVID-19. In countries with high prevalence of AAT deficiency, after the initial rise, the daily number of patients and that of deaths ran parallel at a high level for more than 6 months without sign of abatement. In countries with a low prevalence of AAT deficiency, after the first wave of the epidemic, the number of the deaths decreased continuously while the number of patients remained the same or even increased resulting in a decreasing case-fatality rate. When the cumulative number of deaths was plotted on the y-axis against the cumulative number of patients on the x-axis, plots fell on a straight line in countries with a high prevalence of AAT deficiency; while in countries with a low prevalence of AAT deficiency, a break appeared, after which the plots fell on flatter slope indicating decreasing case-fatality rate. The observation suggests emergence of an attenuated variant in countries with a low prevalence of AAT deficiency.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.