ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
A Serpin With a Finger in Many PAIs: PAI-1's Central Function in Thromboinflammation and Cardiovascular Disease.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting TGFBR1 with the Investigational Inhibitor TP-6379 Improves Hematopoiesis in Low-Risk MDS Ex Vivo.Cells · 2026Article
- SERPINE1/PAI-1 in Skeletal Degeneration: A Proposed Context-Dependent Framework for Bone Remodeling Regulation.Calcified tissue international · 2026Review
- The relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels and blood pressure in adolescents with a history of prematurity and/or low birth weight.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Cardio-Renal-Hepatic Axis in MASLD. Role of BDNF, NGF, and Metabolic Cross-Talk.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Stress-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a blood biomarker and brain risk factor for PTSD.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Omics Approaches in Hantavirus Research: Current Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2026Review
- SERPINE1 in ARDS: an emerging regulator of inflammation-coagulation-fibrinolysis crosstalk.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Association between metabolic syndrome and 90-day mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure patients based on propensity score matching and prognostic model construction.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- A novel biosensor for measuring plasmin activity.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Venous Thromboembolism and Gut Dysbiosis: Mechanistic Links Between Endotoxemia, Microbial Metabolites, and Thromboinflammation.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Whole blood becomes increasingly susceptible to tPA-mediated fibrinolysis with storage.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2026Article
- Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses unveil cytoskeletal alterations in an endothelial model of monogenic diabetes.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular biomarkers in dialysis-related thrombosis and anticoagulation monitoring: thrombin-antithrombin complex, plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex, soluble thrombomodulin, tPA/PAI-1/tPAIC, and Anti-Xa.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Thromboembolic adverse events associated with TPO-RA in ITP treatment: a pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The expanding landscape of adipokines: emerging roles of PAI-1 and vaspin in cardiometabolic diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic Clock Analysis of Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Continuous positive airway pressure therapy for patients with obstructive sleep apnea and coronary artery disease.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- Endothelial cell source dictates the expression and release of fibrinolytic markers in a proinflammatory environment.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- A secretome atlas of cardiac fibroblasts from healthy and infarcted mouse hearts.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal perturbations of the plasminogen activation system in a rat model of acute organophosphate intoxication.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. PAI-1 is the principal inhibitor of the plasminogen activators, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Turbulence in the levels of PAI-1 tilts the balance of the hemostatic system resulting in bleeding or thrombotic complications. Not surprisingly, there is strong evidence that documents the role of PAI-1 in cardiovascular disease. The more recent uncovering of the coalition between the hemostatic and inflammatory pathways has exposed a distinct role for PAI-1. The storm of proinflammatory cytokines liberated during inflammation, including IL-6 and TNF-α, directly influence PAI-1 synthesis and increase circulating levels of this serpin. Consequently, elevated levels of PAI-1 are commonplace during infection and are frequently associated with a hypofibrinolytic state and thrombotic complications. Elevated PAI-1 levels are also a feature of metabolic syndrome, which is defined by a cluster of abnormalities including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and elevated triglyceride. Metabolic syndrome is in itself defined as a proinflammatory state associated with elevated levels of cytokines. In addition, insulin has a direct impact on PAI-1 synthesis bridging these pathways. This review describes the key physiological functions of PAI-1 and how these become perturbed during disease processes. We focus on the direct relationship between PAI-1 and inflammation and the repercussion in terms of an ensuing hypofibrinolytic state and thromboembolic complications. Collectively, these observations strengthen the utility of PAI-1 as a viable drug target for the treatment of various diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.