ReviewFrontiers in robotics and AI2021
Safety Assessment of Rehabilitation Robots: A Review Identifying Safety Skills and Current Knowledge Gaps.
Review in Frontiers in robotics and AI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Innovative technology-based interventions in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Pooled it
- A Multimodal Therapist-Supervised Robotic Gait-Training Platform with Phase-Synchronized Infrared Thermal Biofeedback: A Concept-Level Technical and Translational Healthcare Framework.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Standardized Testing and Quantitative Safety Assessment for Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robots: A Bionic Robotic Platform and Integrated Evaluation Framework.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence with Robotics for Metabolic Rehabilitation and Enhanced Patient Recovery in Critical Care.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Mechanical stability of the interaction between a lower-limb rehabilitation exoskeleton and the user's body during functional tasks.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Application of Artificial Intelligence in Physical Rehabilitation of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Scoping Review.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025Article
- HEalthcare Robotics' ONtology (HERON): An Upper Ontology for Communication, Collaboration and Safety in Healthcare Robotics.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of a soft wearable robot suit with hip extensor assistance on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease: a study protocol.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- A soft 3-DOF interaction force measurement system for estimating the biomechanical effects of a soft wearable robot on the human joint.Wearable technologies · 2025Article
- Decoupled, wearable soft robotic rehabilitation device for the upper limb.Wearable technologies · 2025Article
- Use of noninvasive brain stimulation and neurorehabilitation devices to enhance poststroke recovery: review of the current evidence and pitfalls.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Review
- Organ pedalboard as a rehabilitation tool: A qualitative exploratory study of healthcare providers' perceptions and recommendations.PloS one · 2024Article
- Human movement modifications induced by different levels of transparency of an active upper limb exoskeleton.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2024Article
- Advancing healthcare through mobile collaboration: a survey of intelligent nursing robots research.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Human-Robot Joint Misalignment, Physical Interaction, and Gait Kinematic Assessment in Ankle-Foot Orthoses.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Translation of Mobile-Exoneuromusculoskeleton-Assisted Wrist-Hand Poststroke Telerehabilitation from Laboratory to Clinical Service.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Effects of Robotic-Exoskeleton-Assisted Gait Rehabilitation and Predictive Factors of Significant Improvements in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Overview of the role of robots in upper limb disabilities rehabilitation: a scoping review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- A Trade-Off between Complexity and Interaction Quality for Upper Limb Exoskeleton Interfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Use of Sports Rehabilitation Robotics to Assist in the Recovery of Physical Abilities in Elderly Patients with Degenerative Diseases: A Literature Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The assessment of rehabilitation robot safety is a vital aspect of the development process, which is often experienced as difficult. There are gaps in best practices and knowledge to ensure safe usage of rehabilitation robots. Currently, safety is commonly assessed by monitoring adverse events occurrence. The aim of this article is to explore how safety of rehabilitation robots can be assessed early in the development phase, before they are used with patients. We are suggesting a uniform approach for safety validation of robots closely interacting with humans, based on safety skills and validation protocols. Safety skills are an abstract representation of the ability of a robot to reduce a specific risk or deal with a specific hazard. They can be implemented in various ways, depending on the application requirements, which enables the use of a single safety skill across a wide range of applications and domains. Safety validation protocols have been developed that correspond to these skills and consider domain-specific conditions. This gives robot users and developers concise testing procedures to prove the mechanical safety of their robotic system, even when the applications are in domains with a lack of standards and best practices such as the healthcare domain. Based on knowledge about adverse events occurring in rehabilitation robot use, we identified multi-directional excessive forces on the soft tissue level and musculoskeletal level as most relevant hazards for rehabilitation robots and related them to four safety skills, providing a concrete starting point for safety assessment of rehabilitation robots. We further identified a number of gaps which need to be addressed in the future to pave the way for more comprehensive guidelines for rehabilitation robot safety assessments. Predominantly, besides new developments of safety by design features, there is a strong need for reliable measurement methods as well as acceptable limit values for human-robot interaction forces both on skin and joint level.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.