Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33937277›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in medicine2021

Liver Fibrosis in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Liver Biopsy to Non-invasive Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Treatment.

Leen J M Heyens, Dana Busschots, Ger H Koek, Geert Robaeys, Sven Francque

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
137citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
24.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

137 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharides Protected against CClChinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026
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  14. Purification and Transcriptomic Characterization of Hypertrophied Hepatic Stellate Cells From CDAHFD Mouse Liver.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
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77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Leen J M HeyensFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
Dana BusschotsFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
Ger H KoekSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Geert RobaeysFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
Sven FrancqueDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
Hasselt University · BEMaastricht University · NLMaastricht University Medical Centre · NLUniversity of Antwerp · BEZiekenhuis Oost-Limburg · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An increasing percentage of people have or are at risk to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide. NAFLD comprises different stadia going from isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is a chronic state of liver inflammation that leads to the transformation of hepatic stellate cells to myofibroblasts. These cells produce extra-cellular matrix that results in liver fibrosis. In a normal situation, fibrogenesis is a wound healing process that preserves tissue integrity. However, sustained and progressive fibrosis can become pathogenic. This process takes many years and is often asymptomatic. Therefore, patients usually present themselves with end-stage liver disease e.g., liver cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Fibrosis has also been identified as the most important predictor of prognosis in patients with NAFLD. Currently, only a minority of patients with liver fibrosis are identified to be at risk and hence referred for treatment. This is not only because the disease is largely asymptomatic, but also due to the fact that currently liver biopsy is still the golden standard for accurate detection of liver fibrosis. However, performing a liver biopsy harbors some risks and requires resources and expertise, hence is not applicable in every clinical setting and is unsuitable for screening. Consequently, different non-invasive diagnostic tools, mainly based on analysis of blood or other specimens or based on imaging have been developed or are in development. In this review, we will first give an overview of the pathogenic mechanisms of the evolution from isolated steatosis to fibrosis. This serves as the basis for the subsequent discussion of the current and future diagnostic biomarkers and anti-fibrotic drugs.

Indexed as

liver biopsyliver fibrosisliver stiffnessNAFLDnon-invasive assessment

Identifiers

PMID33937277
PMCPMC8079659
OpenAlexW3153068405

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.