SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2021
Response Efficacy of PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Observational Lung Trial to Collect Tissue to Train and Validate a Live Tumor Diagnostic Platform (CYBRID-01)
Observational Basket Trial to Collect Tissue to Develop and Train a Live Tumor Diagnostic Platform (ELEPHAS-02)
Predicting Response to Immunotherapy From Analysis of Live Tumor Biopsies
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of microbiome-modulating strategies in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy (MSIT): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Comparative Oncology of Canine Malignant Melanoma in Targeted Therapy: A Systematic Review ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of combinatorial immunotherapies in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Comparative cardiotoxicity risk of pembrolizumab versus nivolumab in cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Phase I safety, efficacy, and biomarker response evaluations of three oral PD-L1 inhibitors: INCB086550, INCB099280, and INCB099318.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The challenge and promise of studying human antigen-specific T cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive-stage advanced small cell lung cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Immunosuppressive Pathways in Cutaneous Melanoma: Functional Integration Between PD-1 and CD73 and Therapeutic Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Enhanced Anti-Lung Cancer Efficacy of Neo-BCV Combined with Cisplatin: Immune Activation and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Tumors hijack immune-privileging regulons via distinct cell types to confer T cell desertion and immunotherapy resistance across various cancers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- ROS Self-Supply Nanoplatform Based on Fenton Catalyst for Chemodynamic and Immunotherapy: Reprogramming Cold Tumor Into Hot Tumor in Cancer Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Tumor-targeted aptamer-conjugated engineered bacteria for CXCL9 cytokine delivery in non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Nicotinamide prevents anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated early stages of cardiotoxicity.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- The Immune Biology of the Adrenal Gland Microenvironment and Its Role in Metastatic Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have demonstrated promise in treating a variety of advanced cancers; however, little is known regarding their efficacy under various clinical situations, including different cancer types, treatment lines, drug combinations, and therapeutic regimens.
methodsPublished articles and conference abstracts (in English) in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register, and Web of Science were searched up to February 10, 2020. The data were analyzed by the meta-analysis program in Stata.
resultsA total of 16,400 patients from 91 clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors had a mean ORR of 19.56% (95% CI: 15.09-24.03), a median TTR of 2.05 months (m) (95%CI: 1.85-2.26), and a median DOR of 10.65 m (95%CI: 7.78-13.52). First-line treatment had a higher ORR (36.57% vs. 13.18%) but a shorter DOR (9.00 m vs. 13.42 m) compared to the second-line or subsequent treatment. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy (I+C) (46.81% [95%CI: 36.02-57.60]) had a statistically significant higher ORR compared to immunotherapy (I) (17.75% [95%CI: 14.47-21.03]) or immunotherapy combined with immunotherapy (I+O) (12.25% [95%CI: 1.56-22.94]), while I+C (8.09 m [95%CI: 6.86-9.32]) appeared to reduce the DOR compared to I (12.39 m [95%CI: 7.60-17.18]). PD-1 inhibitors were associated with better ORR (21.65% vs. 17.60%) and DOR (11.26 m vs. 10.03 m) compared to PD-L1 inhibitors. There were no significant differences in TTR under different situations.
conclusionsPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were promising immunotherapeutic agents to achieve satisfactory response efficacies with different cancer types, treatment lines, drug combinations, and therapeutic regimens. This comprehensive summary of the response efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors serves as a reference for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.