ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Upregulated IL-32 Expression And Reduced Gut Short Chain Fatty Acid Caproic Acid in People Living With HIV With Subclinical Atherosclerosis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV and the gut microbiome: future research hotspots and trends.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Unveiling the Acidic Backbone of Baijiu: A Comprehensive Review on Composition, Metabolic Pathways, and Quality Implications.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- ComparativeFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Upregulation of IL-32γ in endothelial cells promotes macrophage recruitment and inflammatory progression in atherosclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pharmacological and genetic modulation of IL-32 expression in intestinal epithelial cells does not impact HIV-1 outgrowth in co-cultured CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Monocytes in HIV associated atherosclerosis: A review of pathogenesis and clinical implications.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- The Emerging Role of Interleukin-32 in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Comorbidities: A Mini Review.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Hexanoic Acid Intake Enhances Anti-Tumor Immune Responses in Colorectal Cancer by Reducing the Immunosuppressive Function of Tregs.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Associations Between the Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Profiles in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- New Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications and Clinical Utility-A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Immune Dysregulation in Ischemic Heart Disease Among Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Heart failure clinics · 2025Review
- Article
- Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids act as mediators of the gut-liver-brain axis.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Maternal and placental microbiome and immune crosstalk in pregnancies with small-for-gestational-age fetuses - a pilot case-control study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Interleukin-32: a Pandora's box in human immunodeficiency virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Galectin-3, Galectin-9, and Interleukin-18 Are Associated with Monocyte/Macrophage Activation and Turnover More so than Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Cardiac Pathology or Encephalitis.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2024Article
- Review
- IL-32 Drives the Differentiation of Cardiotropic CD4+ T Cells Carrying HIV DNA in People With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
32 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) are still at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that are mediated by chronic inflammation. Identification of novel inflammatory mediators with the inherent potential to be used as CVD biomarkers and also as therapeutic targets is critically needed for better risk stratification and disease management in PLWH. Here, we investigated the expression and potential role of the multi-isoform proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 in subclinical atherosclerosis in PLWH (n=49 with subclinical atherosclerosis and n=30 without) and HIV- controls (n=25 with subclinical atherosclerosis and n=24 without). While expression of all tested IL-32 isoforms (α, β, γ, D, ϵ, and θ) was significantly higher in peripheral blood from PLWH compared to HIV- controls, IL-32D and IL-32θ isoforms were further upregulated in HIV+ individuals with coronary artery atherosclerosis compared to their counterparts without. Upregulation of these two isoforms was associated with increased plasma levels of IL-18 and IL-1β and downregulation of the atheroprotective protein TRAIL, which together composed a unique atherosclerotic inflammatory signature specific for PLWH compared to HIV- controls. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that modulation of these inflammatory variables was independent of age, smoking, and statin treatment. Furthermore, our
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.