ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Cholinergic System and Its Therapeutic Importance in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parental smoking, type 1 diabetes, and islet autoantibody positivity in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2022Pooled it
- Bioactive Oil Blend Nanoemulsion Attenuates Depression-like Behavior Through Modulation of Neuroimmune-Related Inflammatory Pathways in Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Photopharmacological Cholinergic Modulation of Cortical Activity in Human Brain Slices.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Roles of the Cholinergic and Adrenergic Systems in Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Recovery of Motor Function in Patients with Stroke: Opportunities for Novel Treatments and Rehabilitation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Acetylcholine in Brain-Body Communication: Biological Mechanisms and Physiological Roles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Organic Sunscreens-Biological Activity from an Enzymatic Perspective.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Immune-Autonomic Interface in Aging: Baseline Immune Profile Shapes Cardiac Autonomic Response to Exercise.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Akkermansia Muciniphila Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Skin Thickening, Colitis, and Gut Microbiota Alterations: A Metagenome Association Study.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Gomisin E attenuates pentobarbital-induced sleep deficits in aging-related insomnia: anFrontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Nauclea officinalis extract rescues working memory deficits in adolescent maternal immune activation offspring by restoring cholinergic signaling.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Neurotransmitters as regulators of autoimmunity: mechanisms and translational targeting.NPJ autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Putative α7-selective ligands interact with α9-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modulate immune functions of human mononuclear phagocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The activation of glial cells in the medulla visceral zone impairs synaptic plasticity and promotes inflammation and immune disorders in sepsis.Translational neuroscience · 2026Article
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Pathways in Cancer: From Psychiatric Clues to Therapeutic Opportunities.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Behavioral Alterations and Cholinergic Modulation in Zebrafish Acutely Exposed To Tyrosine.Neurotoxicity research · 2025Article
- Article
- Glioprotective Effects of Ilex paraguariensis Standardized Extract Through Nrf2 Activation and NF-κB Suppression in lipopolysaccharide-treated Astrocytes.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Review
- Targeting Neuronal Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Upregulation in Age-Related Neurological Disorders.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Stereoisomers of Chiral Methyl-Substituted Symmetric and Asymmetric Aryl Piperazinium Compounds Exhibit Distinct Selectivity for α9 and α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant role in neuroimmune communication, transmitting information regarding the peripheral immune status to the central nervous system (CNS) and vice versa. The cholinergic system includes the neurotransmitter\ molecule, acetylcholine (ACh), cholinergic receptors (AChRs), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. These molecules are involved in regulating immune response and playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Most innate and adaptive immune cells respond to neuronal inputs by releasing or expressing these molecules on their surfaces. Dysregulation of this neuroimmune communication may lead to several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Several agonists, antagonists, and inhibitors have been developed to target the cholinergic system to control inflammation in different tissues. This review discusses how various molecules of the neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS) interact with the immune cells. What are the agonists and antagonists that alter the cholinergic system, and how are these molecules modulate inflammation and immunity. Understanding the various functions of pharmacological molecules could help in designing better strategies to control inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.