Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2021
Peripheral TIGIT+ T Follicular Helper Cells That Produce High Levels of Interleukin-21
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into the pathogenesis of rheumatic and immune diseases from single-cell omics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Extrafollicular Tph2-like cell dominant tissue pathotype is associated with relapse in IgG4-related disease.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Proof-of-concept study: longitudinal immune biomarker signatures in treatment-naïve IgG4-related disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Identification of candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, disease activity, and relapse prediction in IgG4-related disease.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Beyond the Th2 paradigm: CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes as key drivers of tissue damage and fibrosis in IgG4-related disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- IgG4-Related Disease: Emerging Roles of Novel Genetic Variants, Immune Cell Subsets and Therapeutic Targets.Allergy · 2025Review
- Isolated IgG4-related prostatitis masquerading as prostate cancer: a diagnostic pitfall in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen and prostatic mass.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
- Pharmacological Management of IgG4-Related Disease: From Traditional to Mechanism-Based Targeted Therapies.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Article
- Early expansion of TIGIT+PD1+ effector memory CD4 T cells via agonistic effect of alefacept in new-onset type 1 diabetes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- IgG4-related Disease: Recent Topics on Immunological Aspects of This Disorder and Their Application in New Treatment Strategies.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Review
- Occurrence and role of Tph cells in various renal diseases.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- A PD-1ACR open rheumatology · 2024Article
- The differentiation courses of the Tfh cells: a new perspective on autoimmune disease pathogenesis and treatment.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
- Destabilisation of T cell-dependent humoral immunity in sepsis.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2024Review
- Total Alkaloids ofJournal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- TIGITFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Pathogenic roles of follicular helper T cells in IgG4-related disease and implications for potential therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Increased TIGITExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Immunotherapeutic approaches in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Multiple studies suggest that interleukin (IL)-21 plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of B cells and activation of cytotoxic T cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a new marker of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, yet its significance remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether TIGIT expression could detect high IL-21-producing peripheral Tfh populations and their association with disease activity in IgG4-RD. Methods: TIGIT expression in peripheral CD4+T cell subsets was comprehensively analyzed by multi-color flow cytometry. Single cell mapping was performed by t-SNE method, and IL-21 production was compared in TIGIT+ and TIGIT-T cells. The effect of OX40 signal on cytokine expression was analyzed by RNA-sequencing. Clinical significance of TIGIT+ and TIGIT- peripheral T cells was analyzed in active patients with IgG4-RD, both at baseline and after 12 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment. Results: Unbiased single cell mapping revealed two high IL-21-producing peripheral T cell populations; TIGIT+ Tfh and TIGIT-T helper cells. OX40 signal was associated with high IL-21 production in TIGIT+ Tfh and TIGIT-T helper cells. IL-21 production in Tfh cells correlated with the proportion of TIGIT+ cells in Tfh cells, serum IgG4 level, and scores of disease activity. Furthermore, the skewing toward peripheral TIGIT+ Tfh cells, particularly TIGIT+Tfh2 subset correlated with disease activity and was corrected by glucocorticoid treatment in IgG4-RD. Conclusions: OX40 is associated with high IL-21 production in peripheral TIGIT+ Tfh cells, and the increase in peripheral TIGIT+ Tfh cells reflects disease activity in IgG4-RD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.