ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Involvement of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 and Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 in the Immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Implications for the Treatment of COVID-19.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Influenza Virus Infection: A Focus on Key Host Determinants Linked to Clinical Disease Severity.Viruses · 2026Review
- IRAK4 Regulates NF-κB signaling to suppress CD8 + T cell activity and promote immune evasion in glioblastoma development.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Search for Potential VDR/Partner Composite Elements in Regulatory DNA of Genes Associated with Respiratory Infections and Atopic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Modulation of IRAK4 as a therapeutic strategy against monosodium urate- and xanthine-induced inflammation in macrophages and HepG2 cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Interferon regulatory factor 5: a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of interferon regulatory factors in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- The multiple roles of interferon regulatory factor family in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- PROTAC Targeted Degradation of IRAK-4 as Potential Treatment in Cancer.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2023Article
- Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers the nuclear decoy lincRNA PIRAT as a regulator of systemic monocyte immunity during COVID-19.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Oral IRAK4 inhibitor BAY-1834845 prevents acute respiratory distress syndrome.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Article
- Inhibition of IRAK4 dysregulates SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced macrophage inflammatory and glycolytic reprogramming.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19.Nutrients · 2022Review
- A New Butyrate Releaser Exerts a Protective Action against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Intestine.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The risk factor for instability metabolic health and severity.Materials today. Proceedings · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and obesity: fighting two pandemics with intermittent fasting.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) lie sequentially on a signaling pathway activated by ligands of the IL-1 receptor and/or multiple TLRs located either on plasma or endosomal membranes. Activated IRF5, in conjunction with other synergistic transcription factors, notably NF-κB, is crucially required for the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the innate immune response to microbial infection. The IRAK4-IRF5 axis could therefore have a major role in the induction of the signature cytokines and chemokines of the hyperinflammatory state associated with severe morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Here a case is made for considering IRAK4 or IRF5 inhibitors as potential therapies for the "cytokine storm" of COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.