ArticleFrontiers in psychology2021
Locus of Control and Negative Cognitive Styles in Adolescence as Risk Factors for Depression Onset in Young Adulthood: Findings From a Prospective Birth Cohort Study.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parent or Child Driven? Associations Over Time Between Parental Depressive Symptoms, Parental Locus of Control, and Child Negative Emotionality in US Military Families.Family process · 2026Article
- Radon-related increases in depressive symptoms are explained by amygdala morphology and external locus of control.Neurotoxicology · 2026Article
- Parent-Child Relationships and Locus of Control in Two-Child Families.Psychology in Russia : state of the art · 2026Article
- Study Preregistration: Clinical and Cognitive Mediators Underlying Subsequent Depression in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Developmental Approach.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Locus of Control and Resilience in Primary School Students.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Association between parents' value of children and adolescent depression in China: a multi-informant study.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Assessment of common mental disorders in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort at age 24 years using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R).Wellcome open research · 2025Article
- Role of locus of control in emotional and behavioural outcomes among children with atopic dermatitis.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2024Article
- An analysis of risk factors and current status of depressive mood in mid-to-late adolescence and early adulthood in northern China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- The beneficial role of personality in preserving well-being during the pandemic: A longitudinal population study.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
- Design of an Integrated Clinical Research Informatics System for a Multi-Centre and Multi-Visit Prospective Birth Cohort Study.Studies in health technology and informatics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Whilst previous observational studies have linked negative thought processes such as an external locus of control and holding negative cognitive styles with depression, the directionality of these associations and the potential role that these factors play in the transition to adulthood and parenthood has not yet been investigated. This study examined the association between locus of control and negative cognitive styles in adolescence and probable depression in young adulthood and whether parenthood moderated these associations. Using a UK prospective population-based birth cohort study: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we examined the association between external locus of control and negative cognitive styles in adolescence with odds of depression in 4,301 young adults using logistic regression models unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounding factors. Interaction terms were employed to examine whether parenthood (i.e., having become a parent or not) moderated these associations. Over 20% of young adults in our sample were at or above the clinical threshold indicating probable depression. For each standard deviation (SD) increase in external locus of control in adolescence, there was a 19% (95% CI: 8-32%) higher odds of having probable depression in young adulthood, after adjusting for various confounding factors including baseline mood and different demographic and life events variables. Similarly, for each SD increase in negative cognitive styles in adolescence, there was a 29% (95% CI: 16-44%) higher odds of having probable depression in the adjusted model. We found little evidence that parenthood status moderated the relationship between external locus of control or negative cognitive styles in adolescence and probable depression following adjustment for confounding factors. Effect estimates were comparable when performed in the complete case dataset. These findings suggest that having an external locus of control and holding negative cognitive styles in mid- to late adolescence is associated with an increased likelihood of probable depression in young adulthood.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.