ReviewFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2021
The Oral-Gut-Brain AXIS: The Influence of Microbes in Alzheimer's Disease.
Review in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral Health as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer Disease.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Pooled it
- Altered Salivary Microbiota Following Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. Lactis BL-11 Supplementation Are Associated with Anthropometric Growth and Social Behavior Severity in Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2022Trial
- Oral virome in health and disease.Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) · 2026Review
- From Mouth to Mind: Unraveling the Oral Microbiome's Role in Orofacial Pain and Neurodegeneration.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2026Review
- Functional Foods and Micro- and Nanoplastics: Advances in Precision Nutritional Medicine for Oral-Gut-Brain Axis Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Oral Microbiota, the Oral-Brain Axis, and Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms and Dietary Modulation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring the Gut-Brain Connection: Are Probiotics the Next Frontier in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment?Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Oral Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study Based on East Asian Ethnicity.Health science reports · 2026Article
- The Oral-Gut-Brain Axis: From Periodontal Dysbiosis to Neuroinflammation-Mechanistic Pathways, Salivary and Intestinal Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets: A Narrative Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Diet and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Novel Nutritional Therapy.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Review
- Association Between Continuous Consumption of Yogurt Fermented withJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Composition of the Gut Microbiota in Older Adults Residing in a Nursing Home and Its Association with Dementia.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Longitudinal association between oral health and dementia among older adults: evidence from the Korean longitudinal study of ageing.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota and Interorgan Communication Among the Gut, Brain, and Beyond.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- Oral microbiota-driven immune modulation along the oral-gut axis: from local signals to systemic inflammation.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Oral Dysbiosis and Neuroinflammation: Implications for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Mood Disorders.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Distinct gut and oral microbiome patterns associated with dyslexia in a family-based cohort: A preliminary exploratory study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Shotgun metagenomic analysis of the tongue-coating microbiome reveals oral microbes and their functions in older adults with dementia.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neurodegenerative disorders worldwide and poses a major challenge for both affected individuals and their caregivers. AD is a progressive neurological disorder associated with high rates of brain atrophy. Despite its durable influence on human health, understanding AD has been complicated by its enigmatic and multifactorial nature. Neurofibrillary tangles and the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein are typical pathological features and fundamental causes of cognitive impairment in AD patients. Dysbiosis of oral and gut microbiota has been reported to induce and accelerate the formation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. For instance, some oral microbes can spread to the brain through cranial nerves or cellular infections, which has been suggested to increase the risk of developing AD. Importantly, the interaction between intestinal microbiota and brain cells has been recognized as influencing the development of AD as well as other neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the metabolites produced by certain intestinal microorganisms can affect the activity of microglia and further mediate neuroinflammation, which is a leading cause of neuronal necrosis and AD pathogenesis. Which pathogens and associated pathways are involved in the development and progression of AD remains to be elucidated; however, it is well-known that gut microbiota and their metabolites can affect the brain by both direct and indirect means. Understanding the specific mechanisms involved in the interaction between these pathogens and the nervous system is vital for the early intervention in AD. In this review, we aim to comprehensively discuss the possible mechanistic pathways underlying the oral-brain, the gut-brain and the oral-gut-brain associations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.