ReviewTrends in microbiology2021
Bacterial Coinfections in Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Review in Trends in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Antibiotic Prescribing Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- National Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Positivity Rate and Clinical Manifestations of Human Bocavirus Respiratory Infections Among Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age in Jordan.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- TNF inhibits SARS-CoV-2 induced cell-cell fusion through activating the SDC4-RhoA signaling to promote actin bundles formation.Cell insight · 2026Article
- New Simplified White Blood Cells Score Improves Mortality Prediction in Severe COVID-19 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- PRRSV-2 impedes lysosomes from eliminating secondary infected bacteria.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients: potential source of bacterial infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Co-infection models ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Real-world impact of point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2 in an ambulatory setting of an integrated health network.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2-International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- High levels of miR-146a-5p in COVID-19 patients are associated withFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 and MPXV: Twindemic Response and Dual Infections in Individuals in a US Metro.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Resistance patterns and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitalized patients: A Saudi Arabian study.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Antibiotic overuse in a contemporary cohort of children hospitalized with influenza, RSV, or SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants and potential co-infected pathogens in hospitalized patients based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Three Kayviruses AgainstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biofilm Formation and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes at Varying Quinolone Inhibitory Concentrations in Quinolone-Resistant Bacteria Superinfecting COVID-19 Inpatients.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- The evolving landscape of COVID-19: factors associated with in-hospital COVID-19 related mortality during the 2023-2024 phase of JN.1 subvariant dominance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Coinfections and superinfections in critically ill COVID-19 patients in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study of bacterial and viral pathogens.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial coinfections increase the severity of respiratory viral infections and were frequent causes of mortality in influenza pandemics but have not been well characterized in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this review was to identify the frequency and microbial etiologies of bacterial coinfections that are present upon admission to the hospital and that occur during hospitalization for COVID-19. We found that bacterial coinfections were present in <4% of patients upon admission and the yield of routine diagnostic tests for pneumonia was low. When bacterial coinfections did occur, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae were the most common pathogens and atypical bacteria were rare. Although uncommon upon admission, bacterial infections frequently occurred in patients with prolonged hospitalization, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., and S. aureus were common pathogens. Antibacterial therapy and diagnostic testing for bacterial infections are unnecessary upon admission in most patients hospitalized with COVID-19, but clinicians should be vigilant for nosocomial bacterial infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.