ReviewCirculation research2021
Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Toxicities Associated With Immunotherapies.
Review in Circulation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Troponin for surveillance of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis and post-therapy cardiovascular risk stratification: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy on biventricular mechanics in cancer patients over a short-term follow-up: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- The cardiac-related adverse events of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in advanced or metastatic lung cancer: a RCT-based meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Immunomodulating Therapies in Acute Myocarditis and Recurrent/Acute Pericarditis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in non-oncological diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in US Medicare beneficiaries.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Cardiotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Cardiotoxicity of Targeted Therapies in Hematologic Malignancies: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Management.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy cardiotoxicity: a narrative review.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Review
- Reversible severe mitral regurgitation during immunotherapy in a structurally vulnerable valve: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
- Cardiotoxicity induced by multiple myeloma therapies: mechanistic convergence across proteasome inhibitors, CAR-T, and bispecific antibodies.Blood cancer journal · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicity: Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, and Clinical Impact.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Adverse Events Following Bispecific T-Cell Redirecting Antibody Therapy.JACC. CardioOncology · 2026Article
- Predictors of Immune-Related Cardiac Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Caught in the crossfire: cardiac complications of cancer therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy on Biventricular and Biatrial Mechanics in Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Short-Term Follow-Up Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity is associated with dysfunctional metabolism, muscle wasting and autophagy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Guarding the heart in the era of immunotherapies: insights for cardio-oncology practice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Combining multi-omics analysis methods to identify biomarkers for mitophagy involved in immune checkpoint inhibitors-related myocarditis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immune-based therapies have revolutionized cancer treatments. Cardiovascular sequelae from these treatments, however, have emerged as critical complications, representing new challenges in cardio-oncology. Immune therapies include a broad range of novel drugs, from antibodies and other biologics, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and bispecific T-cell engagers, to cell-based therapies, such as chimeric-antigen receptor T-cell therapies. The recognition of immunotherapy-associated cardiovascular side effects has also catapulted new research questions revolving around the interactions between the immune and cardiovascular systems, and the signaling cascades affected by T cell activation, cytokine release, and immune system dysregulation. Here, we review the specific mechanisms of immune activation from immunotherapies and the resulting cardiovascular toxicities associated with immune activation and excess cytokine production.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.