ReviewImmunology2021
The role of high-density lipoprotein in the regulation of the immune response: implications for atherosclerosis and autoimmunity.
Review in Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophil-to-HDL-C Ratio and Anatomically Significant Multivessel Disease Across Acute Coronary Syndrome Phenotypes.Medeniyet medical journal · 2026Article
- Beyond Biomimetics: Pathology-Informed Engineering Rescues Reconstituted HDL From Inflammatory Dysfunction for Sepsis Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- CIGB-258, a Potential Novel Approach to Treat Sepsis-like Hyperinflammation, Reduces Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in Zebrafish Exposed to Carboxymethyllysine and Ethanol.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rheumatoid Factor Beyond Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Potential Marker of Cardiometabolic and Hepatic Risk.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2026Review
- Correlation of neutrophil- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related inflammatory markers with sarcopenia: Insights from a cross-sectional study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Butyrate Produced by Gut Microbiota Regulates Atherosclerosis: A Narrative Review of the Latest Findings.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and Helicobacter pylori infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Establishing and internally validating a predictive model for coronary heart disease incorporating triglyceride-glucose index, monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and conventional risk factors in patients experiencing chest pain and referred for invasive coronary angiography.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Lipoprotein subclasses and gastrointestinal cancers: novel perspectives and potential associations.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Elevated high-density lipoprotein levels following acute graft-versus-host disease onset: a potential link to T-cell dysfunction and increased relapse risk.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Dysregulated cellular metabolism drives atherosclerotic plaque progression: a multi-cellular perspective.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Association between high-density lipoprotein-related inflammation index and periodontitis: insights from NHANES 2009-2014.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- The association between lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio and depression: Data from NHANES 2015-2018.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on liver and breast muscle fat deposition, lipid levels, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in ducks.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- High-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-1 ratio is an important indicator predicting in-hospital death in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Cardiology journal · 2024Observational
- Novel insights: crosstalk with non-puerperal mastitis and immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Modulation of the Cellular microRNA Landscape: Contribution to the Protective Effects of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL).Biology · 2023Review
- Correlation of apolipoprotein A-I with T cell subsets and interferon-ү in coronary artery disease.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- The preliminary evidence on the association of the gut microbiota with stroke risk stratification in South Chinese population.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation and immune dysfunction have been increasingly recognized as crucial mechanisms in atherogenesis. Modifications in cell lipid metabolism, plasma dyslipidaemia and particularly low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels occur both in atherosclerosis and in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (which are strongly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis), suggesting the presence of a crucial link. HDL, the plasma lipoprotein responsible for reverse cholesterol transport, is known for its several protective effects in the context of atherosclerosis. Among these, HDL immunomodulatory effects are possibly the less understood. Through the efflux of cholesterol from plasma cell membranes with the consequent disruption of lipid rafts and the interaction with the cholesterol transporters present in the plasma membrane, HDL affects both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Animal and human studies have demonstrated a predominance of HDL anti-inflammatory effects, despite some pro-inflammatory actions having also been reported. The HDL role on the modulation of the immune response is further suggested by the detection of low levels together with a dysfunctional HDL in patients with autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of the immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis and the modulatory effects HDL may have on them.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.