Observational studyInternational immunopharmacology2021
Associations of serum cytokines and chemokines with the risk of incident cancer in a prospective rheumatoid arthritis cohort.
Observational study in International immunopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rheumatoid arthritis reduces the risk of colorectal cancer through immune inflammation mediation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Rheumatoid arthritis and risk of lung diseases in East Asians and Europeans: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammation Beyond the Prostate: The Role of Systemic Inflammatory Disorders in Prostate Carcinogenesis.Cureus · 2025Review
- Multiplex Targeted Proteomic Analysis of Cytokine Ratios for ICU Mortality in Severe COVID-19.Proteomes · 2025Article
- The Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry: A unique population in rheumatoid arthritis research.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2025Review
- The Risk of Lung Cancer in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Identification of the ferroptosis-related gene signature and the associated regulation axis in lung cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.Genes and immunity · 2024Article
- Association between autoimmunity-related disorders and prostate cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe aimed to assess whether serum cytokine/chemokine concentrations predict incident cancer in RA patients.
methodsData from cancer-free enrollees in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) Registry were linked to a national VA oncology database and the National Death Index (NDI) to identify incident cancers. Seventeen serum cytokines/chemokines were measured from enrollment serum and an overall weighted cytokine/chemokine score (CK score) was calculated. Associations of cytokines/chemokines with all-site, lung, and lymphoproliferative cancers were assessed in Cox regression models accounting for relevant covariates including age, sex, RA disease activity, and smoking.
resultsIn 1216 patients, 146 incident cancers (42 lung and 23 lymphoproliferative cancers) occurred over 10,072 patient-years of follow-up with a median time of 4.6 years from enrollment (cytokine/chemokine measurement) to cancer incidence. In fully adjusted models, CK score was associated with a higher risk of all-site (aHR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.71, p < 0.001), lung (aHR 1.81, 1.40-2.34, p = 0.001), and lung/lymphoproliferative (aHR 1.54 [1.35-1.75], p < 0.001) cancer. The highest quartile of CK score was associated with a higher risk of all-site (aHR 1.91, 0.96-3.81, p = 0.07; p-trend = 0.005), lung (aHR 8.18, 1.63-41.23, p = 0.01; p-trend < 0.001), and lung/lymphoproliferative (aHR 4.56 [1.84-11.31], p = 0.001; p-trend < 0.001) cancer. Thirteen of 17 individual analytes were associated with incident cancer risk.
conclusionElevated cytokine/chemokine concentrations are predictive of future cancer in RA patients, particularly lung and lymphoproliferative cancers. These results suggest that the measurement of circulating cytokines/chemokines could be informative in cancer risk stratification and could provide insight into future cancer prevention strategies in RA, and possibly individuals without RA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.