ArticleBehavioural brain research2021
The effects of strain and estrous cycle on heroin- and sugar-maintained responding in female rats.
Article in Behavioural brain research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translational medications development for methamphetamine use disorder: A systematic review of preclinical, human laboratory, and clinical research.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of sex on heroin intravenous self-administration by heterogeneous stock rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Behavioral flexibility and gut microbiome as potential predictors of oral oxycodone self-administration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Impact of Sex on Heroin Intravenous Self-Administration by Heterogeneous Stock Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The positive reinforcing effects of cocaine and opposite-sex social contact: roles of biological sex and estrus.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The effects of gonadal hormones on heroin Self-Administration in male gonadectomized rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Estradiol and Mu opioid-mediated reward: The role of estrogen receptors in opioid use.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Chronic inflammatory pain promotes place preference for fentanyl in male rats but does not change fentanyl self-administration in male and female rats.Neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Effect of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist PT150 on acquisition and escalation of fentanyl self-administration following early-life stress.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Epigenetic function during heroin self-administration controls future relapse-associated behavior in a cell type-specific manner.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Modulation of morphine physical dependence and discriminative stimulus effects by ovarian hormones: Role of estradiol.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Heroin intake decreases during the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle in female, Long-Evans rats. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine if proestrus-associated decreases in heroin intake extend across rat strains and (2) determine if proestrus-associated decreases in responding extend to a nondrug reinforcer. Female rats were implanted with intravenous catheters and trained to self-administer heroin. Estrous cycle was tracked daily for the duration of the study. During testing, Lewis, Sprague Dawley, and Long-Evans rats self-administered low (0.0025 mg/kg) and high (0.0075 mg /kg) doses of heroin and then self-administered sugar on fixed ratio (FR1) schedules of reinforcement. Heroin intake decreased significantly during proestrus in all three rat strains under at least one dose condition; however, sugar intake did not decrease during proestrus in any strain. These data suggest that responding maintained by heroin, but not a nondrug reinforcer, significantly decreases during proestrus in female rats and that these effects are consistent across rat strain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.