Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33933181›Full record

Trial reportThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2021

A community-based, multi-level, multi-setting, multi-component intervention to reduce weight gain among low socioeconomic status Latinx children with overweight or obesity: The Stanford GOALS randomised controlled trial.

Thomas N Robinson, Donna Matheson, Darrell M Wilson, Dana L Weintraub, Jorge A Banda, Arianna McClain, Lee M Sanders, William L Haskell, K Farish Haydel, Kristopher I Kapphahn and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Characteristics of Combined Movement Behavior Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Thomas N RobinsonStanford Solutions Science Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: tom.robinson@stanford.edu.
Donna MathesonStanford Solutions Science Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Darrell M WilsonDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Dana L WeintraubStanford Solutions Science Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jorge A BandaDepartment of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Arianna McClainCruise, LLC San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lee M SandersDivision of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
William L HaskellPrevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
K Farish HaydelStanford Solutions Science Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Kristopher I KapphahnQuantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Charlotte PrattDivision of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MA, USA.
Kimberly P TruesdaleDepartment of Nutrition, University of Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
June StevensDepartment of Nutrition, University of Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Manisha DesaiQuantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Stanford University · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USNational Heart Lung and Blood Institute · USPurdue University West Lafayette · USStanford Health Care · US

Funding

Clinic, Family & Community Collaboration to Treat Overweight and Obese ChildrenU01HL103629 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ROBINSON, THOMAS N. · 2010 to 2016
$12.6M
TARGETING OBESITY AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN URBAN YOUTHU01HL103622 · NHLBI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI BORAWSKI, ELAINE A., MOORE, SHIRLEY M · 2010 to 2016
$12.2M
Growing Right Onto Wellness (GROW): Changing Early Childhood BMI TrajectoriesU01HL103620 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BARKIN, SHARI · 2010 to 2016
$11.9M
Linking Primary Care, Communities and Families to Prevent Obesity Among PreschoolU01HD068890 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI FRENCH, SIMONE A., SHERWOOD, NANCY E. · 2010 to 2016
$11.0M
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION TRAINING PROGRAMT32HL007034 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GARDNER, CHRISTOPHER D · 1985 to 2020
$8.7M
Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Coordinating UnitU01HL103561 · NHLBI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI STEVENS, JUNE · 2010 to 2017
$7.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007034NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL103561NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL103620NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL103622NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL103629NICHD NIH HHS U01 HD068890
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are few long-term studies of interventions to reduce in low socioeconomic status children with overweight or obesity. The Stanford GOALS trial evaluated a 3-year, community-based, multi-level, multi-setting, multi-component (MMM) systems intervention, to reduce weight gain among low socioeconomic status, Latinx children with overweight or obesity.

methodsWe did a two-arm, parallel group, randomised, open-label, active placebo-controlled trial with masked assessment over 3 years. Families from low-income, primarily Latinx communities in Northern California, CA, USA, with 7-11-year-old children with overweight or obesity were randomly assigned to a MMM intervention or a Health Education (HE) comparison intervention. The MMM intervention included home environment changes and behavioural counselling, community after school team sports, and reports to primary health-care providers. The primary outcome was child BMI trajectory over three years. Secondary outcomes included one- and two-year changes in BMI. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01642836.

findingsBetween July 13, 2012, and Oct 3, 2013, 241 families were recruited and randomly assigned to MMM (n=120) or HE (n=121). Children's mean age was 9·5 (SD 1·4) years, 134 (56%) were female and 107 (44%) were male, and 236 (98%) were Latinx. 238 (99%) children participated in year 1, 233 (97%) in year 2, and 227 (94%) in year 3 of follow-up assessments. In intention-to-treat analysis, over 3 years, the difference between intervention groups in BMI trajectory was not significant (mean adjusted difference -0·25 [95% CI -0·90 to 0·40] kg/m

interpretationThe MMM intervention did not reduce BMI gain versus HE over 3 years but the effects over 1 and 2 years in this rigorous trial show the promise of this systems intervention approach for reducing weight gain and cardiometabolic risk factors in low socioeconomic status communities.

fundingUS National Institutes of Health.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexCaliforniaChildCommunity ParticipationExerciseFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleOverweightPatient Care PlanningPatient Education as TopicPediatric ObesityPovertySocial ClassSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID33933181
PMCPMC8241238
OpenAlexW3158773036

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.