ArticleImmunity2021
Optogenetic activation of local colonic sympathetic innervations attenuates colitis by limiting immune cell extravasation.
Article in Immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Navigating the Ethereal Tightrope: The Nanogenerator Manipulates Neurons for Immune Equilibrium.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- A GDF-15-GFRAL axis controls autoimmune T cell responses during neuroinflammation.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Role of the neurotransmitter-receptor pathway in T-cell tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- Peripheral nerve remodeling in the tumor microenvironment: neuro-immune crosstalk, molecular mechanisms, and precision therapeutic.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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- Neurotransmitters as regulators of autoimmunity: mechanisms and translational targeting.NPJ autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Mid-infrared photons relieve tinnitus-like behavior of mice by regulating HCN2 ion channels in the medial geniculate body.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Optogenetics-integrated gut organ culture system connects enteric neurons dynamics and gut homeostasis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sympathetic regulation of the host immune response to bacterial sepsis.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- The sympathetic nervous system enhances host immune responses to enteric bacterial pathogens in mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Molecular and functional diversity of the autonomic nervous system.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- The role of the enteric nervous system in the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Hydrogen Sulfide (HNeurochemical research · 2025Article
- Neuroscience of cancer: unraveling the complex interplay between the nervous system, the tumor and the tumor immune microenvironment.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Nerves, nodes, and neoplasia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is composed of an endocrine arm, regulating blood adrenaline and noradrenaline, and a local arm, a network of fibers innervating immune organs. Here, we investigated the impact of the local arm of the SNS in an inflammatory response in the colon. Intra-rectal insertion of an optogenetic probe in mice engineered to express channelrhodopsin-2 in tyrosine hydroxylase cells activated colonic sympathetic fibers. In contrast to systemic application of noradrenaline, local activation of sympathetic fibers attenuated experimental colitis and reduced immune cell abundance. Gene expression profiling showed decreased endothelial expression of the adhesion molecule MAdCAM-1 upon optogenetic stimulation; this decrease was sensitive to adrenergic blockers and 6-hydroxydopamine. Antibody blockade of MAdCAM-1 abrogated the optogenetic effect on immune cell extravasation into the colon and the pathology. Thus, sympathetic fibers control colonic inflammation by regulating immune cell extravasation from circulation, a mechanism likely relevant in multiple organs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.