Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33932335›Full record

ArticleThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2021

Associations between body-mass index and COVID-19 severity in 6·9 million people in England: a prospective, community-based, cohort study.

Min Gao, Carmen Piernas, Nerys M Astbury, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Stephen O'Rahilly, Paul Aveyard, Susan A Jebb

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 307 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
307citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
34.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

307 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 581 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity and mortality.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
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247 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Min GaoUniversity of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK; School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Carmen PiernasUniversity of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: carmen.piernas-sanchez@phc.ox.ac.uk.
Nerys M AstburyUniversity of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Julia Hippisley-CoxUniversity of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK.
Stephen O'RahillyUniversity of Cambridge, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Paul AveyardUniversity of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Susan A JebbUniversity of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
University of Oxford · GBOxford BioMedica (United Kingdom) · GBNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_UU_12012/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundObesity is a major risk factor for adverse outcomes after infection with SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to examine this association, including interactions with demographic and behavioural characteristics, type 2 diabetes, and other health conditions.

methodsIn this prospective, community-based, cohort study, we used de-identified patient-level data from the QResearch database of general practices in England, UK. We extracted data for patients aged 20 years and older who were registered at a practice eligible for inclusion in the QResearch database between Jan 24, 2020 (date of the first recorded infection in the UK) and April 30, 2020, and with available data on BMI. Data extracted included demographic, clinical, clinical values linked with Public Health England's database of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, and death certificates from the Office of National Statistics. Outcomes, as a proxy measure of severe COVID-19, were admission to hospital, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), and death due to COVID-19. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the risk of severe COVID-19, sequentially adjusting for demographic characteristics, behavioural factors, and comorbidities.

findingsAmong 6 910 695 eligible individuals (mean BMI 26·78 kg/m

interpretationAt a BMI of more than 23 kg/m

fundingNIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexSeverity of Illness IndexAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesCOVID-19Databases, FactualDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2EnglandFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHospitalizationHumansIndependent LivingMale

Identifiers

PMID33932335
PMCPMC8081400
OpenAlexW3157733336

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.