ArticleJournal of medical virology2021
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: IgA correlates with severity of disease in early COVID-19 infection.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Indirect Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy for Seven Different SARS-CoV-2 Serological Assays: A Meta-Analysis and Adjusted Indirect Comparison of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Nucleocapsid-specific antibody function is associated with therapeutic benefits from COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Trial
- Fine specificity of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in patients with COVID-19.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Multi-omics characterises early immune divergence associated with infection-related deterioration after lung transplantation.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Serological evaluation of coronavirus IgA and IgG antibodies in a repeated cross-sectional cohort of unvaccinated and vaccinated pregnant individuals over three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from severe COVID-19 individuals or S2 immunizations do not worsen disease in hamsters.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgA2 Induces Inflammation by Human Macrophages.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Increased serum levels of IL-40 are associated with IgA and NETosis biomarkers in Covid-19 patients: IL-40 and infectious diseases.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impaired mucosal IgA response in patients with severe COVID-19.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Article
- Unravelling the role of secretory Immnuoglobulin-A in COVID-19: a multicentre study in nursing homes during the first wave.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- IgA Anti-β2-Glycoprotein I Antibodies as Markers of Thrombosis and Severity in COVID-19 Patients.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- Application of Interferon-γ Release Assay in the Assessment of T-Cell Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in the Cohort of Pediatric Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Immunoglobulins in COVID-19 pneumonia: from the acute phase to the recovery phase.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Review
- Influenza vaccination as a prognostic factor of humoral IgA responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Central-European journal of immunology · 2024Article
- The longitudinal characterization of immune responses in COVID-19 patients reveals novel prognostic signatures for disease severity, patients' survival and long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Serum antibody fingerprinting of SARS-CoV-2 variants in infected and vaccinated subjects by label-free microarray biosensor.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Timing of detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and their use to support the diagnosis are of increasing interest. We used the Gold Standard Diagnostics ELISA to evaluate the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies in sera of 82 hospitalized patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Serum samples were collected 1-59 days post-onset of symptoms (PoS) and we examined the association of age, sex, disease severity, and symptoms' duration with antibody levels. We also tested sera of 100 ambulatory hospital employees with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and samples collected during convalescence, 35-57 days PoS. All but four of the admitted patients (95.1%) developed antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Antibodies were detected within 7 days PoS; IgA in 60.0%, IgM in 53.3%, and IgG in 46.7% of samples. IgG positivity increased to 100% on Day 21. We did not observe significant differences in the rate of antibody development in regard to age and sex. IgA levels were highest in patients with a severe and critical illness. In multiple regression analyses, only IgA levels were statistically significantly correlated with critical disease (p = .05) regardless of age, sex, and duration of symptoms. Among 100 ambulatory hospital employees who had antibody testing after 4 weeks PoS only 10% had positive IgA antibodies. The most frequently isolated isotype in sera of employees after 30 days PoS was IgG (88%). IgA was the predominant immunoglobulin in early disease and correlated independently with a critical illness. IgG antibodies remained detectable in almost 90% of samples collected up to two months after infection.
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