Observational studyESC heart failure2021
Wearable cardioverter-defibrillator: friend or foe in suspected myocarditis?
Observational study in ESC heart failure, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and predictors of major arrhythmic events after myocarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Pooled it
- Wearable cardioverter defibrillator for transient arrhythmic risk and sudden cardiac death prevention: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis.Open heart · 2025Pooled it
- Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Patients at Transient Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: State of the Art and Contemporary Clinical Evidence.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Workup and management of rhythm disorders in myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Failure Association of the ESC, the ESC Working Group on Myocardial & Pericardial Diseases, the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the ESC, the Heart Rhythm Society, the Asian Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Arrhythmic Burden After Myocarditis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies.European cardiology · 2026Review
- False Alarms in Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillators-A Relevant Issue or an Insignificant Observation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Use of the Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Among Patients With Myocarditis and Reduced Ejection Fraction or Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia: Data From a Multicenter Registry.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Early recurrence of myocarditis with atrioventricular block while wearing a wearable cardioverter-defibrillator after fulminant myocarditis: A case report.HeartRhythm case reports · 2023Article
- Explaining the Unexplained: A Practical Approach to Investigating the Cardiac Arrest Survivor.Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review · 2023Review
- Viral Myocarditis: Classification, Diagnosis, and Clinical Implications.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Wearable cardioverter-defibrillator: friend or foe in suspected myocarditis?ESC heart failure · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimWearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD, LifeVest, and Zoll) therapy has become a useful tool to bridge a temporarily increased risk for sudden cardiac death. However, despite extensive use, there is a lack of evidence whether patients with myocarditis and impaired LVEF may benefit from treatment with a WCD. METHODS AND
resultsWe conducted a single-centre retrospective observational study analysing patients with a WCD prescribed between September 2015 and April 2020 at our institution. In total, 135 patients were provided with a WCD, amongst these 76 patients (mean age 48.9 ± 13.7 years; 84.2% male) for clinically suspected myocarditis. Based on the results of the endomyocardial biopsy and, where available cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, 39 patients (51.3%) were diagnosed with myocarditis and impaired LVEF and 37 patients (48.7%) with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) without evidence of cardiac inflammation. The main immunohistopathological myocarditis subtype was lymphocytic myocarditis in 36 (92.3%) patients, and four patients (10.3%) of this group had an acute myocarditis. Three patients had cardiac sarcoidosis (7.7%). Ventricular tachycardia occurred in seven myocarditis (in total 41 VTs; 85.4% non-sustained) and one DCM patients (in total one non-sustained ventricular tachycardia). Calculated necessary WCD wearing time until ventricular tachycardia occurrence is 86.41 days in myocarditis compared with 6.46 years in DCM patients.
conclusionsOur data suggest that myocarditis patients may benefit from WCD therapy. However, as our study is not powered for outcome, further randomized studies powered for the outcome morbidity and mortality are necessary.
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