Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33931091›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2021

Performance of passive case detection for malaria surveillance: results from nine countries in Mesoamerica and the Dominican Republic.

Diego Rios-Zertuche, Keith H Carter, Katie Panhorst Harris, Max Thom, Maria Paola Zúñiga-Brenes, Pedro Bernal-Lara, Álvaro González-Marmol, Casey K Johanns, Bernardo Hernández, Erin Palmisano and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Observational
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Diego Rios-ZertucheRegional Malaria Elimination Initiative, Inter-American Development Bank, DC, Washington, USA. diegori@iadb.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-728X
Keith H CarterRegional Malaria Elimination Initiative, Inter-American Development Bank, DC, Washington, USA.
Katie Panhorst HarrisInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Max ThomInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Maria Paola Zúñiga-BrenesRegional Malaria Elimination Initiative, Inter-American Development Bank, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Pedro Bernal-LaraRegional Malaria Elimination Initiative, Inter-American Development Bank, DC, Washington, USA.
Álvaro González-MarmolRegional Malaria Elimination Initiative, Inter-American Development Bank, Panama City, Panama.
Casey K JohannsInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Bernardo HernándezInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Erin PalmisanoInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Rebecca CogenInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Paulami NaikInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Charbel El BcheraouiRobert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
David L SmithInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ali H Mokdad *Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Emma Iriarte *Regional Malaria Elimination Initiative, Inter-American Development Bank, DC, Washington, USA.
University of Washington · USInter-American Development Bank · USRobert Koch Institute · DE

Funding

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1179331Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria QRA-M-IDB GA No.1693
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn malaria elimination settings, available metrics for malaria surveillance have been insufficient to measure the performance of passive case detection adequately. An indicator for malaria suspected cases with malaria test (MSCT) is proposed to measure the rate of testing on persons presenting to health facilities who satisfy the definition of a suspected malaria case. This metric does not rely on prior knowledge of fever prevalence, seasonality, or external denominators, and can be used to compare detection rates in suspected cases within and between countries, including across settings with different levels of transmission.

methodsTo compute the MSCT, an operational definition for suspected malaria cases was established, including clinical and epidemiological criteria. In general, suspected cases included: (1) persons with fever detected in areas with active malaria transmission; (2) persons with fever identified in areas with no active transmission and travel history to, or residence in areas with active transmission (either national or international); and (3) persons presenting with fever, chills and sweating from any area. Data was collected from 9 countries: Belize, Colombia (in areas with active transmission), Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama (September-March 2020). A sample of eligible medical records for 2018 was selected from a sample of health facilities in each country. An algorithm was constructed to assess if a malaria test was ordered or performed for cases that met the suspected case definition.

resultsA sample of 5873 suspected malaria cases was obtained from 239 health facilities. Except for Nicaragua and Colombia, malaria tests were requested in less than 10% of all cases. More cases were tested in areas with active transmission than areas without cases. Travel history was not systematically recorded in any country.

conclusionsA statistically comparable, replicable, and standardized metric was proposed to measure suspected malaria cases with a test (microscopy or rapid diagnostic test) that enables assessing the performance of passive case detection. Cross-country findings have important implications for malaria and infectious disease surveillance, which should be promptly addressed as countries progress towards malaria elimination. Local and easy-to-implement tools could be implemented to assess and improve passive case detection.

Indexed as

Epidemiological MonitoringBelizeColombiaCosta RicaDominican RepublicEl SalvadorGuatemalaHondurasMalariaNicaraguaPanamaPopulation SurveillancePrevalenceABERAnnual blood examination rateDisease surveillanceMalaria case positivity rateMalaria detectionMalaria eliminationMalaria indicatorsMalaria surveillancePassive case detectionSuspected malaria cases

Identifiers

PMID33931091
PMCPMC8085801
OpenAlexW3159328315

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.