ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Identification of aberrant innate and adaptive immunity based on changes in global gene expression in the blood of adults with autism spectrum disorder.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06514573 (Effects of a Postbiotic Supplementation on Gastrointestinal and Core Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of a Postbiotic Supplementation on Gastrointestinal and Core Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic analysis in autism spectrum disorder suggests three molecular subtypes with distinct phenotypic profiles and functional pathways.Communications biology · 2026Article
- TAT and RVG Co-modified MSC-derived Exosomes-mediated Delivery of microRNA-15b-5p Inhibitor Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion-induced Neuronal Apoptosis by Promoting HTR2C-ERK Signaling.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Protein-Altering Variants' Analysis in Autism Subgroups Uncovers Early Brain-Expressed Gene Modules Relevant to Autism Pathophysiology.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Sex-Differential Gene Expression in Developing Human Cortex and Its Intersection With Autism Risk Pathways.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Neonatal immune signatures differ by sex regardless of neurodevelopmental disorder status: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) alone reveals a sex by diagnosis interaction effect.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Neuroimmune transcriptome changes in patient brains of psychiatric and neurological disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- MiR-15b-5p Expression in the Peripheral Blood: A Potential Diagnostic Biomarker of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Blood RNA Sequencing Indicates UpregulatedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Re-emerging concepts of immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Integrative Functional Genomic Analysis in Multiplex Autism Families from Kazakhstan.Disease markers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder, and one of the main hypotheses regarding its cause is genetic factors. A previous meta-analysis of seven microarray studies and one RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) study using the blood of children with ASD identified dysregulation of gene expressions relevant to the immune system. In this study, we explored changes in global gene expression as the phenotype of ASD in the blood of adults with ASD.
methodsWe recruited an RNA-seq cohort (ASD vs. control; n = 6 each) and a replication cohort (ASD vs. control; n = 19 each) and conducted RNA-seq to explore changes in global gene expression. We then subjected the significantly up- and downregulated genes to gene ontology (GO) and core analyses. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed with all 11,617 genes detected in RNA-seq to identify the ASD-specific gene network.
resultsIn total, 117 significantly up- and 83 significantly downregulated genes were detected in the ASD compared with the control group, respectively (p < 0.05 and q < 0.05). GO analysis revealed that the aberrant innate and adaptive immunity were more obvious in the 117 upregulated than in the 83 downregulated genes. WGCNA with core analysis revealed that one module including many immune-related genes was associated with the natural killer cell signaling pathway. In the results for the replication cohort, significant changes with same trend found in RNA-seq data were confirmed for MAFB (p = 0.046), RPSAP58 (p = 0.030), and G2MK (p = 0.004). LIMITATIONS: The sample size was relatively small in both the RNA-seq and replication cohorts. This study examined the mRNA expression level, so the interaction between mRNA and protein remains unclear. The expression changes between children and adults with ASD were not compared because only adults with ASD were targeted.
conclusionsThe dysregulated gene expressions confirmed in the blood of adults with ASD were relevant to the dysfunction of innate and adaptive immunity. These findings may aid in understanding the pathogenesis of ASD.
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