Observational studyBMC surgery2021
Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) as a new diagnostic tool in free flap monitoring for soft tissue reconstruction: a proof of concept study.
Observational study in BMC surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medical hyperspectral imaging: an updated review of technology advancements and biomedical applications.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Pooled it
- Hyperspectral imaging for tumor resection guidance in surgery: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Enhancing Hand Vascular Assessment: The Role of Hyperspectral Imaging in Perfusion Monitoring.Journal of hand surgery global online · 2026Article
- Equity and Generalizability of Radiomics in Orbital Disease: Challenges for Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, and Plastic Surgery.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Learning to simulate realistic human diffuse reflectance spectra.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Autonomization of Microvascular Free Flaps in Reconstructive Surgery: A Narrative Review.Microsurgery · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Flap Monitoring: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Hyperspectral Imaging.Archives of plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Hyperspectral Imaging Reveals High Water and Hemoglobin Content at Rest and Decreased Oxygen Levels After Physical Activity at the Residual Limb of Non-Dysvascular Lower Limb Amputees.Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) · 2026Article
- Hyperspectral imaging as an objective diagnostic tool for secondary lymphedema in breast cancer patients.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of umbilical fixation on perfusion in abdominoplasty: A hyperspectral imaging study.JPRAS open · 2025Article
- Evaluating SnapshotNIR for Tissue Oxygenation Measurement Across Skin Types After Mastectomy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Detection of flap malperfusion after microsurgical tissue reconstruction using hyperspectral imaging and machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- RGB to hyperspectral: Spectral reconstruction for enhanced surgical imaging.Healthcare technology letters · 2024Article
- Advancing hyperspectral imaging and machine learning tools toward clinical adoption in tissue diagnostics: A comprehensive review.APL bioengineering · 2024Review
- Imaging Photoplethysmography (iPPG) in Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery: A Novel Technique for Noninvasive Flap Perfusion Monitoring.Lasers in surgery and medicine · 2024Article
- Continuous oxygen monitoring to enhance ex-vivo organ machine perfusion and reconstructive surgery.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2024Article
- Flap Monitoring Techniques: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Tissue perfusion in DIEP flaps using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography, Hyperspectral imaging, and Thermal imaging.JPRAS open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesFree flap surgery is an essential procedure in soft tissue reconstruction. Complications due to vascular compromise often require revision surgery or flap removal. We present hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as a new tool in flap monitoring to improve sensitivity compared to established monitoring tools.
methodsWe performed a prospective observational cohort study including 22 patients. Flap perfusion was assessed by standard clinical parameters, Doppler ultrasound, and HSI on t0 (0 h), t1 (16-28 h postoperatively), and t2 (39-77 h postoperatively). HSI records light spectra from 500 to 1000 nm and provides information on tissue morphology, composition, and physiology. These parameters contain tissue oxygenation (StO2), near-infrared perfusion- (NIR PI), tissue hemoglobin- (THI), and tissue water index (TWI).
resultsTotal flap loss was seen in n = 4 and partial loss in n = 2 cases. Every patient with StO2 or NIR PI below 40 at t1 had to be revised. No single patient with StO2 or NIR PI above 40 at t1 had to be revised. Significant differences between feasable (StO2 = 49; NIR PI = 45; THI = 16; TWI = 56) and flaps with revision surgery [StO2 = 28 (p < 0.001); NIR PI = 26 (p = 0.002); THI = 56 (p = 0.002); TWI = 47 (p = 0.045)] were present in all HSI parameters at t1 and even more significant at t2 (p < 0.0001).
conclusionHSI provides valuable data in free flap monitoring. The technique seems to be superior to the gold standard of flap monitoring. StO2 and NIR PI deliver the most valuable data and 40 could be used as a future threshold in surgical decision making. Clinical Trial Register This study is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) under the registration number DRKS00020926.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.