ArticleBMC microbiology2021
Sex differences in the phylum-level human gut microbiota composition.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Probiotics as emerging adjuncts in metabolic associated fatty liver disease therapy-a systemic review.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Pooled it
- Gut Microbiota and Liver Health: Meta-Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Potential relationship of the gut microbiome with testosterone level in men: a systematic review.PeerJ · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the Dynamic Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Body Composition across the Human Lifespan: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Gut Microbiome Characteristics in IgA Nephropathy: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis from Observational Studies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Sex differences in the gut microbiome and related metabolites: role in cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Polysaccharides and carbohydrate polymers: innovations from nature to industry.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Review
- Possible Role of Gut Microbiota in Polypropylene Microplastics-Induced Immunity and Reproductive Dysfunction in Mice.Toxics · 2026Article
- Sex-specific microbial and tryptophan signatures of depression implicate archaeal methanogens and indole-3-acetic acid only in women.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Prebiotic fructan chain length influences enteric microbiota-host GABAergic signaling and intestinal motility.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2026Article
- SCiMS: Sex Calling in Metagenomic Sequences.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- High-protein diets increase microbiota associated p-cresol production in the colon and reduce gut barrier function in a sex-dependent manner.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Gut Microbial Diversity and Community Structure Are Largely Similar Between Apparently Healthy Elderly Japanese Males and Females: A Shotgun Metagenomic Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Severity of Depressive Symptoms by Perceived Stress and Gut Microbiota Composition: A Sex-Stratified Bayesian Approach in a Non-Clinical Sample.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Article
- Exploring the Gut Microbiome in Combat Sports: A Systematic Scoping Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus: mechanistic links between dysbiosis, insulin resistance, and chronic low-grade inflammation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Presence of Dolosigranulum pigrum in the nasopharynx and its relationship with respiratory health status in paediatric population.PloS one · 2026Article
- Distinct gut and oral microbiome patterns associated with dyslexia in a family-based cohort: A preliminary exploratory study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Low-Fat Cheddar Cheese Influences Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Human Microbiota-Associated Mice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association between a dietary index for gut microbiota and frailty in U.S. adults aged 40 and older: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEvidence was previously provided for sex-related differences in the human gut microbiota composition, and sex-specific discrepancy in hormonal profiles was proposed as a main determinant of these differences. On the basis of these findings, the assumption was made on the role of microbiota in the sexual dimorphism of human diseases. To date, sex differences in fecal microbiota were demonstrated primarily at lower taxonomic levels, whereas phylum-level differences between sexes were reported in few studies only. In the present population-based cross-sectional research, sex differences in the phylum-level human gut microbiota composition were identified in a large (total n = 2301) sample of relatively healthy individuals from Ukraine.
resultsRelative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, as determined by qRT-PCR, were found to be significantly increased, while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in females compared to males. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Females had 31 % higher odds of having F/B ratio more than 1 than males. This trend was evident in all age groups. The difference between sexes was even more pronounced in the elder individuals (50+): in this age group, female participants had 56 % higher odds of having F/B ratio > 1 than the male ones.
conclusionsIn conclusion, sex-specific differences in the phylum-level intestinal microbiota composition were observed in the Ukraine population. The F/B ratio was significantly increased in females compared to males. Further investigation is needed to draw strong conclusions regarding the mechanistic basis for sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota composition and regarding the role of these differences in the initiation and progression of human chronic diseases.
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