ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2021
Third wave of COVID-19 in Madrid, Spain.
Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mental Health Among Spanish Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic and in the Post-Pandemic Period: A Gender Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Cell-based high-content approach for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization identifies unique monoclonal antibodies and PI3K pathway inhibitors.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- [COVID-19 readmissions during the first three epidemic periods in Orihuela, Spain: incidence, risk factors and letality].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Hospitalization burden and epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (2020-2021).BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Increased incidence of giant cell arteritis and associated stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A nation-wide population study.Autoimmunity reviews · 2023Review
- Development of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Challenges and Prospects.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Quantification of how mechanical ventilation influences the airborne infection risk of COVID-19 and HVAC energy consumption in office buildings.Building simulation · 2023Article
- Observational
- Progression of the COVID-19 pandemic, Brazilian healthcare workers' emotional burden and the effects on professional fulfillment at the end of the third wave: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- General infection prevention, mitigation, and control procedures implemented in the university education during the COVID-19 pandemic to achieve classroom attendance: a successful community case study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Real-world Evidence of the Effects of Novel Treatments for COVID-19 on Mortality: A Nationwide Comparative Cohort Study of Hospitalized Patients in the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Waves in the Netherlands.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- A year living with SARS-CoV-2: an epidemiological overview of viral lineage circulation by whole-genome sequencing in Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain).Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Retrospective study of the immunogenicity and safety of the CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people with underlying medical conditions.Communications medicine · 2022Article
- COVID-19 in Iran: clinical presentations and outcomes in three different surges of COVID-19 infection.Virology journal · 2022Article
- The clinical course, biochemical markers, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients from the third wave in Pakistan: A retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Three waves changes, new variant strains, and vaccination effect against COVID-19 pandemic.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2022Review
- Mortality by COVID-19 Before Vaccination - One Year Experience of Hospitalized Patients in Madrid.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- COVID-19 reinfections among naturally infected and vaccinated individuals.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A third wave of COVID-19 occurred after Christmas 2020 in Madrid, one of the European pandemic epicenters. We noticed 6 major differential features to previous waves. First, household contacts were a large proportion of cases. Second, access to rapid antigen tests allowed prompt diagnosis and isolation. Third, clinically severe cases and mortality rates were lower. Fourth, the more transmissible B.1.1.7 strain was increasingly found. Fifth, vaccination benefits were seen in healthcare workers and nursing homes. Lastly, reinfections were more common. By Easter 2021, approximately 25% of the population in Madrid had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, massive and accelerated vaccination campaigns are warranted to prevent new COVID-19 waves.
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