ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2021
National routine adult immunisation programmes among World Health Organization Member States: an assessment of health systems to deploy COVID-19 vaccines.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knowledge, attitudes and practices of vaccination among older adults in Brunei Darussalam: a convergent mixed-method study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and recommendation among health workers in nine countries: a pooled analysis of survey data from 2023 to 2024.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccination implementation in six lower- and middle-income countries: Successes, challenges, and lessons for pandemic preparedness.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Role of new vaccinators/pharmacists in life-course vaccination.Annals of medicine · 2024Review
- Socioeconomic and fiscal returns of expanded investment in immunization: a case for life-course vaccination in Colombia.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- A review of health worker vaccination programs in low, middle and upper middle-income countries.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2023Review
- Measuring National Immunization System Performance: A Systematic Assessment of Available Resources.Global health, science and practice · 2023Review
- Article
- Optimizing next-generation RSV prevention in Mali: A cost-effectiveness analysis of pediatric vaccination, maternal vaccination, and extended half-life monoclonal antibody immunoprophylaxis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Mass Vaccination Campaign: An International Comparison of Qatar With GCC Nations and Other Global Groups.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Global, regional and national estimates of influenza-attributable ischemic heart disease mortality.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Adult immunization practices, challenges and opportunities in Central America and the Caribbean: Advisory board proceedings.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- CDC's COVID-19 International Vaccine Implementation and Evaluation Program and Lessons from Earlier Vaccine Introductions.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Vaccinations for older adults.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Article
- COVID-19 booster vaccination has not decreased access for low-income countries.Public health · 2022Article
- The Operational Feasibility of Vaccination Programs Targeting Influenza Risk Groups in the World Health Organization (WHO) African and South-East Asian Regions.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among the Ethiopian Population: A Systematic Review.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2022Review
- COVID-19 Vaccines and Public Anxiety: Antibody Tests May Be Widely Accepted.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in Amhara region referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Epidemiology and infection · 2021Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
IntroductionAs SARS-CoV-2 disproportionately affects adults, the COVID-19 pandemic vaccine response will rely on adult immunisation infrastructures.AimTo assess adult immunisation programmes in World Health Organization (WHO) Member States.MethodsWe evaluated country reports from 2018 on adult immunisation programmes sent to WHO and UNICEF. We described existing programmes and used multivariable regression to identify independent factors associated with having them.ResultsOf 194 WHO Member States, 120 (62%) reported having at least one adult immunisation programme. The Americas and Europe had the highest proportions of adult immunisation programmes, most commonly for hepatitis B and influenza vaccines (> 47% and > 91% of countries, respectively), while Africa and South-East Asia had the lowest proportions, with < 11% of countries reporting adult immunisation programmes for hepatitis B or influenza vaccines, and none for pneumococcal vaccines. In bivariate analyses, high or upper-middle country income, introduction of new or underused vaccines, having achieved paediatric immunisation coverage goals and meeting National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups basic functional indicators were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with having an adult immunisation programme. In multivariable analyses, the most strongly associated factor was country income, with high- or upper-middle-income countries significantly more likely to report having an adult immunisation programme (adjusted odds ratio: 19.3; 95% confidence interval: 6.5-57.7).DiscussionWorldwide, 38% of countries lack adult immunisation programmes. COVID-19 vaccine deployment will require national systems for vaccine storage and handling, delivery and waste management to target adult risk groups. There is a need to strengthen immunisation systems to reach adults with COVID-19 vaccines.
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