ReviewTobacco prevention & cessation2021
Risk of smoking relapse with the use of electronic cigarettes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Review in Tobacco prevention & cessation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- E-cigarettes and nicotine abstinence: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Pooled it
- Continuing use of e-cigarettes after stopping smoking and relapse: Secondary analysis of a large randomised controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Trial
- Transitions and patterns in concurrent use of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes: An intensive longitudinal study of adults who smoke cigarettes and recently initiated e-cigarette use.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Digital Smoking Cessation Preferences of Predominately Low-Income and Latino Residents of the San Joaquin Valley in California: Qualitative Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Cigarette Smoking Relapse Among People Who Switched to E-cigarettes or Other Tobacco Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Vaping and socioeconomic inequalities in smoking cessation and relapse: a longitudinal analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Association between prolonged dual use of cigarettes and E-cigarettes and psychosocial factors among U.S. Smokers: Secondary data analysis from the 2013 to 2019 PATH study.Hygiene and environmental health advances · 2024Article
- The paradox of the safer cigarette: understanding the pulmonary effects of electronic cigarettes.The European respiratory journal · 2024Review
- Vuse Solo e-cigarettes do not provide net benefits to public health: a scientific analysis of FDA's marketing authorisation.Tobacco control · 2024Review
- Electronic cigarette use in relation to changes in smoking status and respiratory symptoms.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Clinical guidance for e-cigarette (vaping) cessation: Results from a modified Delphi panel approach.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Level and Practices among Tobacco and Nicotine Adult Users in Klang Valley, Malaysia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of People Who Resumed Smoking Following Exclusive Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Dual Use of Combustible Cigarettes and E-cigarettes: a Narrative Review of Current Evidence.Current addiction reports · 2022Article
- Population-level counterfactual trend modelling to examine the relationship between smoking prevalence and e-cigarette use among US adults.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Risk and safety profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): an umbrella review to inform ENDS health communication strategies.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Are E-cigarettes associated with postpartum return to smoking? Secondary analyses of a UK pregnancy longitudinal cohort.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Alternative Tobacco and Nicotine Products for Smoking Reduction and Cessation: A Systematic Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2021Review
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe use of e-cigarettes has been the subject of a public health debate on their possibility of undermining efforts for tobacco control. The aim of this study was to synthesize the risk of smoking relapse with the use of e-cigarettes by former smokers.
methodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo and LILACS were searched without restriction to language or date of publication. Longitudinal observational studies evaluating the association between e-cigarette use and smoking relapse were selected by two independent reviewers, and disagreements solved by discussion with a third researcher. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were also carried out by two independent reviewers. The meta-analysis was performed using the random effect Mantel-Haenszel model.
resultsFrom 632 retrieved records, six studies were eligible and described, while three were included in the quantitative synthesis. The studies were conducted in the USA, UK and France, with final sample size varying from 374 to 4094 former smokers. Risk of relapse was 2.03 (95% CI: 1.39-2.96) among former smoker users than non-users of e-cigarettes, and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.11-1.65) when pooling the adjusted association measures. Long-term former smokers were the main contributors for the higher relapse risk, while the impact of frequency of exposure to e-cigarettes (past, non-daily, daily) was uncertain.
conclusionsConsidering the growing popularity of e-cigarettes among former smokers, our results point to the great potential for an increase in the frequency of relapse to conventional smoking and vaping for those who move to regular use of e-cigarettes.
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