ArticleNature microbiology2021
Dinoflagellate symbionts escape vomocytosis by host cell immune suppression.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Algae-specific immune modulation influences responses to heat and pathogen challenge in a symbiotic coral.Science advances · 2026Article
- c-JUN controls microbial colonization via selective phagocytosis in the sea anemone Nematostella.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Proteomic and Small RNA Characterization of Extracellular Vesicle-enriched Particles Released from Cultured Host-isolated Symbiodiniaceae.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Thermal Stress-Induced Alterations to Oxylipin Signal Receptors in the Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- NF-κB: A Diverse and Multifunctional Transcription Factor in Holozoans.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Review
- Using magnetic nanoparticles to explore symbiotic interactions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Symbiotic state affects microbiome recovery in a facultatively symbiotic cnidarian.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Fidelity in co-diversified symbiosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Absence of conserved immune signalling pathways and increased pathogen susceptibility associated to photosymbiosis in acoels.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Nitrate Aggravates While Ammonium Mitigates Thermal Bleaching in Corals through Divergent Lipid-Mediated Pathways and Stress Response.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Oxylipin-mediated metabolic signatures of symbiosis homeostasis and thermal stress in a model sea anemone.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Convergent symbioses: morphology, life history, and niche specialization in coral and lichen mutualisms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- The genome of the coral model sea anemoneGigaByte (Hong Kong, China) · 2026Article
- Integrins mediate symbiont-specific uptake in cnidarian larvae.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Differences in Molecular Responses to a Thermally Variable Preconditioning Treatment for Two Caribbean Coral Species.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Positive Selection of a Starch Synthesis Gene and Phenotypic Differentiation of Starch Accumulation in Symbiotic and Free-Living Coral Symbiont Dinoflagellate Species.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Stability of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis is primarily determined by symbiont cell-cycle arrest.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Horizontal transmission of heat-evolved microalgal symbionts in adult corals.The ISME journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Alveolata comprises diverse taxa of single-celled eukaryotes, many of which are renowned for their ability to live inside animal cells. Notable examples are apicomplexan parasites and dinoflagellate symbionts, the latter of which power coral reef ecosystems. Although functionally distinct, they evolved from a common, free-living ancestor and must evade their host's immune response for persistence. Both the initial cellular events that gave rise to this intracellular lifestyle and the role of host immune modulation in coral-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis are poorly understood. Here, we use a comparative approach in the cnidarian endosymbiosis model Aiptasia, which re-establishes endosymbiosis with free-living dinoflagellates every generation. We find that uptake of microalgae is largely indiscriminate, but non-symbiotic microalgae are expelled by vomocytosis, while symbionts induce host cell innate immune suppression and form a lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1-positive niche. We demonstrate that exogenous immune stimulation results in symbiont expulsion and, conversely, inhibition of canonical Toll-like receptor signalling enhances infection of host animals. Our findings indicate that symbiosis establishment is dictated by local innate immune suppression, to circumvent expulsion and promote niche formation. This work provides insight into the evolution of the cellular immune response and key steps involved in mediating endosymbiotic interactions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.