ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2021
Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 seroassay sensitivity: a systematic review and modelling study.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Pooled it
- Risk assessment and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Modeling the kinetics of the neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 variants after several administrations of Bnt162b2.PLoS computational biology · 2023Trial
- A first-in-human trial on the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-eVax, a cellular response-skewed DNA vaccine against COVID-19.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Trial
- Durability and cross-reactivity of immune responses induced by a plant-based virus-like particle vaccine for COVID-19.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Renaissance of antiviral CD8Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms underlying immunodynamics of layered defenses elicited by mRNA vaccination in children.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Agreement Between Self-Reported COVID-19 and Dried Blood Spot Serology: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Pathological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants and immune responses induced in a COVID-19 macaque model.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Impact of Neutrophils on the Tissue Microenvironment During Intestinal Inflammation.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Conserved CD4 T-cell responses correlate with antibody neutralization in solid organ transplant recipients after bivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal analysis of hybrid immunity in a Vietnamese COVID-19 cohort demonstrates vaccination-associated broadening of cross-variant neutralization across diverse HLA backgrounds.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Impaired antibody responses to heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 vaccination in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Essential role of CD56Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Epidemiological features and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: a retrospective cohort analysis in Xiamen, China.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Year-Long Antibody Response to the EuCorVac-19 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Filipinos.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Kinetically activating nanovaccine mimicking multidimensional immunomodulation of natural infection for broad protection against heterologous viruses in animal models.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Tracking Immunity: An Increased Number of COVID-19 Boosters Increases the Longevity of Anti-RBD and Anti-RBD-Neutralizing Antibodies.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Inactivated vaccines derived from bovine viral diarrhea virus B3 strain elicit robust and specific humoral and cellular immune responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is central to long-term control of the current pandemic. Despite our rapidly advancing knowledge of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2, understanding how these responses translate into protection against reinfection at both the individual and population levels remains a major challenge. An ideal outcome following infection or after vaccination would be a highly protective and durable immunity that allows for the establishment of high levels of population immunity. However, current studies suggest a decay of neutralizing antibody responses in convalescent patients, and documented cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection are increasing. Understanding the dynamics of memory responses to SARS-CoV-2 and the mechanisms of immune control are crucial for the rational design and deployment of vaccines and for understanding the possible future trajectories of the pandemic. Here, we summarize our current understanding of immune responses to and immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and the implications for prevention of reinfection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.