ArticleScientific reports2021
Apoptotic cells in mouse blastocysts are eliminated by neighbouring blastomeres.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of TGF-β and ERK1/2 inhibition on preimplantation embryo development and quality.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- The Consequences of DNA Damage in the Early Embryo Are Important for Practical Procedures in Assisted Reproduction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Elimination of apoptotic cells by non-professional embryonic phagocytes can be stimulated or inhibited by external stimuli.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes: a new era in cardiac regeneration.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Galangin Mitigates Oxidative Damage Induced by Environmental Stresses in Skin Keratinocytes.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Evolution of Minimally Invasive and Non-Invasive Preimplantation Genetic Testing: An Overview.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The salt-and-pepper pattern in mouse blastocysts is compatible with signaling beyond the nearest neighbors.iScience · 2023Article
- Cleavage of Early Mouse Embryo with Damaged DNA.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cellular and Molecular Nature of Fragmentation of Human Embryos.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Day-3-embryo fragmentation is associated with singleton birth weight following fresh single blastocyst transfer: A retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Human Recombinant DNase I (PulmozymeInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Apoptosis is a physiological process that occurs commonly during the development of the preimplantation embryo. The present work examines the ability of apoptotic embryonic cells to express a signal promoting their phagocytosis, and quantifies the ability of neighbouring, normal embryonic cells to perform that task. Microscopic analysis of mouse blastocysts revealed phosphatidylserine externalization to be 10 times less common than incidence of apoptotic cells (as detected by TUNEL). In spite of the low frequency of phosphatidylserine-flipping (in inner cell mass, no annexin V staining was recorded), fluorescence staining of the plasma membrane showed more than 20% of apoptotic cells to have been engulfed by neighbouring blastomeres. The mean frequency of apoptotic cells escaping phagocytosis by their extrusion into blastocyst cavities did not exceed 10%. Immunochemically visualised RAC1 (an enzyme important in actin cytoskeleton rearrangement) was seen in phagosome-like structures containing a nucleus with a condensed morphology. Gene transcript analysis showed that the embryonic cells expressed 12 receptors likely involved in phagocytic process (Scarf1, Msr1, Cd36, Itgav, Itgb3, Cd14, Scarb1, Cd44, Stab1, Adgrb1, Cd300lf, Cd93). In conclusion, embryonic cells possess all the necessary mechanisms for recognising, engulfing and digesting apoptotic cells, ensuring the clearance of most dying blastomeres.
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Registered trials
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