ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Perinatal outcomes of neonates born from different endometrial preparation protocols after frozen embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global and regional incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Obstetric and neonatal outcomes after natural versus artificial cycle frozen embryo transfer and the role of luteal phase support: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction update · 2023Pooled it
- The influence of embryo stage on obstetric complications and perinatal outcomes following programmed compared to natural frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Outcomes of frozen embryo transfers from a large monocentric cohort (2982 cycles): towards a preferential use of cycles with aFrontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Effect of Low-Dose Estradiol on the Clinical Pregnancy Rate of the Hormone Replacement Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycle.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Optimizing estradiol duration to reduce progesterone-related cancellation in hormone replacement therapy frozen embryo transfer cycles: toward a patient-tailored approach.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Adding short-duration gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist and gonadotropin to natural cycle frozen embryo transfer allowed scheduling of transfer day without compromising live birth.Fertility and sterility · 2025Article
- Impact of different endometrial preparation protocols on pregnancy outcomes in patients at high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a propensity score matched retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Association between embryo transfer season and the risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
- Efficacy of modified natural cycle vs. hormone replacement therapy in oocyte donation for recipients of advanced maternal age: a retrospective study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Observational
- The effect of post-thaw culture duration on singleton birthweight resulting from frozen embryo transfer cycles.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Protocols for Endometrial Preparation and Endometrial Pattern Before Embryo Transfer in Patients with Asherman Syndrome.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Are there associations between clinical and embryological factors with pregnancy loss following transfer of a single euploid embryo?Reproduction & fertility · 2024Article
- Pathologic maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with programmed embryo transfer.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Review
- Comparison of the perinatal outcomes of expected high ovarian response patients and normal ovarian response patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer in natural/small amount of HMG induced ovulation cycles.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Retrospective analysis of the endometrial preparation protocols for frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles in women with endometriosis.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2023Article
- Is artificial endometrial preparation more associated with early-onset or late-onset preeclampsia after frozen embryo transfer?Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2023Article
- Effects of Particulate Matter on the Risk of Gestational Hypertensive Disorders and Their Progression.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Effects of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Inactivated Vaccine on the Outcome of Frozen Embryo Transfers: A Large Scale Clinical Study.International journal of women's health · 2023Article
- The relationship between dominant follicle development and clinical outcomes of hormone replacement therapy-frozen embryo transfer: a retrospective clinical study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have focused on pregnancy outcomes after frozen embryo transfer (FET) performed using different endometrial preparation protocols. Few studies have evaluated the effect of endometrial preparation on pregnancy-related complications. This study was designed to explore the association between different endometrial preparation protocols and adverse obstetric and perinatal complications after FET.
methodsWe retrospectively included all FET cycles (n = 12,950) in our hospital between 2010 and 2017, and categorized them into three groups, natural cycles (NC), hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and ovarian stimulation (OS) protocols. Pregnancy-related complications and subsequent neonatal outcomes were compared among groups.
resultsAmong all 12,950 FET cycles, the live birth rate was slightly lower for HRT cycles than for NC (HRT vs. NC: 28.15% vs. 31.16%, p < 0.001). The pregnancy loss rate was significantly higher in OS or HRT cycles than in NC (HRT vs. NC: 17.14% vs. 10.89%, p < 0.001; OS vs. NC: 16.44% vs. 10.89%, p = 0.001). Among 3864 women with live birth, preparing the endometrium using OS or HRT protocols increased the risk of preeclampsia, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in both singleton and multiple deliveries. Additionally, OS and HRT protocols increased the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) in both singletons and multiples after FET.
conclusionCompared with HRT or OS protocols, preparing the endometrium with NC was associated with the decreased risk of pregnancy-related complications, as well as the decreased risk of LBW and SGA after FET.
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Registered trials
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