ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Assessing Public Willingness to Wear Face Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Fresh Insights from the Theory of Planned Behavior.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- How Healthcare Teams Appear to the Observer-An Approach to the Complexities of Mask-Wearing Attitudes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Exploring pandemic preparedness through public perception and its impact on health service quality, attitudes, and healthcare image.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and validation of Join Clinical Trial Questionnaire (JoinCT).Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Public perception on face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia: A cross sectional study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Examination of factors that impact mask or respirator purchase and usage during the COVID-19 pandemic.PloS one · 2024Article
- Identifying the determinants of face mask disposal behavior and policy implications: An application of the extended theory of planned behavior.Resources, conservation & recycling advances · 2023Article
- What Sustains Mask-Wearing Behavior among Elders in a Rural Community in the Post-COVID-19 Era: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and Masking Disparities: Qualitative Analysis of Trust on the CDC's Facebook Page.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Impact of adverse events during community-wide mass drug administration for soil-transmitted helminths on subsequent participation-a Theory of Planned Behaviour analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Intention to maintain and willingness to stop: Applying a dual-process model to understanding the maintenance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2023Article
- Does COVID-19 impact on financial markets of China-evidence from during and pre-COVID-19 outbreak.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Article
- Predicting Compliance with Sanitary Behaviors among Students in Higher Education During the Second COVID-19 Wave: The Role of Health Anxiety and Risk Perception.Psychologica Belgica · 2023Article
- What makes residents more willing to participate in source separation of waste masks under the COVID-19 pandemic?Journal of material cycles and waste management · 2023Article
- Application of behavioral change theory and models on COVID-19 preventive behaviors, worldwide: A systematic review.SAGE open medicine · 2023Review
- Drivers of young adults' voluntary compliance with COVID-19 protective measures: results from a multi-method study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Factors affecting the willingness of mental health staff to get vaccinated against COVID-19.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2022Article
- Factors Contributing to Citizens' Participation in COVID-19 Prevention and Control in China: An Integrated Model Based on Theory of Planned Behavior, Norm Activation Model, and Political Opportunity Structure Theory.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Is self-reported depression, HIV status, COVID-19 health risk profile and SARS-CoV-2 exposure associated with difficulty in adhering to COVID-19 prevention measures among residents in West Africa?BMC public health · 2022Article
- Analysis of the Face Mask Use by Public Transport Passengers and Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Sustainable impact of COVID-19 on education projects: aspects of naturalism.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Face masks are considered an effective intervention in controlling the spread of airborne viruses, as evidenced by the 2009's H1N1 swine flu and 2003's severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks. However, research aiming to examine public willingness to wear (WTW) face masks in Pakistan are scarce. The current research aims to overcome this research void and contributes by expanding the theoretical mechanism of theory of planned behavior (TPB) to include three novel dimensions (risk perceptions of the pandemic, perceived benefits of face masks, and unavailability of face masks) to comprehensively analyze the factors that motivate people to, or inhibit people from, wearing face masks. The study is based on an inclusive questionnaire survey of a sample of 738 respondents in the provincial capitals of Pakistan, namely, Lahore, Peshawar, Karachi, Gilgit, and Quetta. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze the proposed hypotheses. The results show that attitude, social norms, risk perceptions of the pandemic, and perceived benefits of face masks are the major influencing factors that positively affect public WTW face masks, whereas the cost of face masks and unavailability of face masks tend to have opposite effects. The results emphasize the need to enhance risk perceptions by publicizing the deadly effects of COVID-19 on the environment and society, ensure the availability of face masks at an affordable price, and make integrated and coherent efforts to highlight the benefits that face masks offer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.