SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Use of Oral Contraceptives as a Potential Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies Up to 2010.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Contraceptive use with breast cancer incidence in Indonesia.Breast disease · 2024Pooled it
- Oral Contraceptive Use and Assessment of Breast Cancer Risk among Premenopausal Women via Molecular Characteristics: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- TRAIL-R2 in the shadows: Epigenetic silencing and clinical implications in breast cancer.Oncotarget · 2026Article
- Multimodal Imaging of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Single-Center Study of 75 Cases.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association of lifestyle factors with breast cancer incidence: An overview of systematic reviews.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2025Article
- Review
- Development and validation of a risk prediction model for premenopausal breast cancer in 19 cohorts.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Molecular Subtypes and Mechanisms of Breast Cancer: Precision Medicine Approaches for Targeted Therapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Review
- Impact of khat (Catha edulis) and oral contraceptive use on telomerase levels and tumor suppressor genes p53 and p21 in normal subjects and breast cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Worldwide association of the gender inequality with the incidence and mortality of cervical, ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Epidemiological breast cancer prediction by country: A novel machine learning approach.PloS one · 2024Article
- Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Women of Reproductive Age: A Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2023Review
- Effects of natural products on polycystic ovary syndrome: From traditional medicine to modern drug discovery.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Review
- Role of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 in Early Breast Carcinogenesis and Breast Cancer Aggressiveness.Cancers · 2023Article
- Re-Evaluating the Association Between Hormonal Contraception and Breast Cancer Risk.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2023Review
- Review
- Controversies and Open Questions in Management of Cancer-Free Carriers of Germline Pathogenic Variants inCancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite numerous studies evaluating the risk of breast cancer among oral contraception users, the effect of oral contraceptive on developing breast cancer remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of literature with meta-analysis in order to quantitative estimate this association. The bibliographic database MEDLINE and EMBASE, and reference lists of identified articles were searched, with no language restrictions, from the start of publication to August 2010. We performed a reanalysis and overall estimate of 79 case-control studies conducted between 1960-2010, including a total of 72,030 incidents, histologically confirmed cases of breast cancer and 123,650 population/hospital controls. A decrease was observed in cancer risk in OC users before age 25 years (0.91, 0.83-1.00). However, the use of OCs before the first full-term pregnancy had a significant increased risk of breast cancer (OR, 1.14, 1.01-1.28,
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.