ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Validity and Usage of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) in a French Population of Patients with Depression, Bipolar Disorders and Controls.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phenotypic Variability in Slow-Wave Sleep in Depression: Associations With Clinical Profiles and Disorder Severity.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- IDMBD: Intelligent Diagnostic Modelling of Bipolar Disorder at its early onset.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Seasonal surge for mental health demand in the emergency department of Eradah complex for mental health in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2026Article
- A study on electroretinography as a biomarker for seasonal vulnerability in depression.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Evaluation of seasonal variations for the seasonal pattern assessment in mood disorder patients and healthy controls.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The role of seasonality on evaluating health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Insomnia in seasonal affective disorder: considering the use of benzodiazepines with a focus on lormetazepam.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Affective Temperaments and Seasonality in Patients with Mood Disorders.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the effects of blue-enriched white light on cognitive performance, arousal, and overall appreciation of lighting.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Seasonal effect-an overlooked factor in neuroimaging research.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Seasonality of brain function: role in psychiatric disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2023Review
- Can circadian rhythm predict changes in neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder: protocol of a 12-month longitudinal cohort study based on research domain criteria.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Vision-Related Quality of Life and Seasonal Affective Disorder in Patients with Glaucoma and Macular Degeneration.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Manifestation and Measurement of Atypical Depression: A Scoping Review.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyArticle
- Sleep biomarkers of seasonal vulnerability in major depressive episodes: a clinical study using actigraphy and polysomnography.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), by Rosenthal et al. (1984), is by far the most used questionnaire to evaluate seasonal effects on mood and behavior. It includes a general seasonality score (GSS), composed of 6 items, from which cutoffs have been established to screen for seasonal affective disorder (SAD). However, it has never been validated in French and associations with circadian rhythm and symptoms of depression and bipolarity remain unclear. In this study, including 165 subjects (95 controls and 70 patients with depression or bipolar disorder), we confirmed the validity of the French version of the SPAQ, with a two-factor structure (a psychological factor: energy, mood, social activity and sleep length; and a food factor: weight and appetite) and a good fit was observed by all indicators. Mood and social activity dimensions were significantly affected by seasons in the depressed/bipolar group and a stronger global seasonality score (GSS) was associated with more severe phenotypes of depression and mania. Subjects meeting SAD and subsyndromal-SAD criteria also showed a delayed circadian rhythm compared to controls. Simple tools, such as the SPAQ, can aid the identification of significant seasonal changes and have direct implications on therapeutics including the use of bright light therapy in order to enhance personalized treatments, but also to prevent adverse seasonal effects.
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