ArticleCancers2021
Increased Extracellular Adenosine in Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Enhances Tumor Progression through A2AR-Akt-β-Catenin Signaling.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adenosine signaling in tumor immune escape: metabolic checkpoints, myeloid suppression, and combination immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Rewiring T Cell Metabolism to Enhance CAR T Cell Function in Solid Tumor Microenvironments.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- NOTCH1 combined with chemotherapy synergistically inhibits triple-negative breast cancer.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Insights from Clinical Trials on AACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Fluorinated small molecule derivatives in cancer immunotherapy: emerging frontiers and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Adenosine receptors on the immuno-oncology expressway: TIME, perspectives, and translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Adenosine receptors in breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling and cancer: the interplay in tumor microenvironment.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Discovery of a potent, selective, and tumor-suppressing antibody antagonist of adenosine A2A receptor.PloS one · 2024Article
- Role of adenosine A2a receptor in cancers and autoimmune diseases.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- CD73: Friend or Foe in Lung Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- P2YCancers · 2022Article
- Emerging roles of purinergic signaling in anti-cancer therapy resistance.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Current Adenosinergic Therapies: What Do Cancer Cells Stand to Gain and Lose?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- TNBC: Potential Targeting of Multiple Receptors for a Therapeutic Breakthrough, Nanomedicine, and Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- CAR-T Plus Radiotherapy: A Promising Combination for Immunosuppressive Tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells. The expression of A2AR, but not A2BR, is significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues, especially TNBC tissues, compared to normal epithelial tissues. Therefore, we further investigated the role of ADO-activated A2AR and its signaling pathway in the progression of RT-R-TNBC. ADO treatment induced MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion, which were enhanced in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells in an A2AR-dependent manner. A2AR activation by ADO induced AKT phosphorylation and then β-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression, and these effects were abolished by A2AR-siRNA transfection. In an in vivo animal study, compared to 4T1-injected mice, RT-R-4T1-injected mice exhibited significantly increased tumor growth and lung metastasis, which were decreased by A2AR-knockdown. The upregulation of phospho-AKT, β-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression in mice injected with RT-R-4T1 cells was also attenuated in mice injected with RT-R-4T1-A2AR-shRNA cells. These results suggest that A2AR is significantly upregulated in BC tissues, especially TNBC tissues, and ADO-mediated A2AR activation is involved in RT-R-TNBC invasion and metastasis through the AKT-β-catenin pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.