ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
The Economic Impact of the SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Spain.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intervention of Physical Activity for University Students with Anxiety and Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention and Control Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Lung ultrasound is cost-effective for early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia in primary care.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Evolution of Spanish population well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the COSMO-Spain study.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Long-run causal impact of the 2011 Economic Adjustment Programme on Portuguese population health.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the world's major economies: based on a multi-country and multi-sector CGE model.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Number and nature of psychiatric emergency department visits in a tertiary hospital before, during, and after coronavirus pandemic.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- COVID-19 monitoring with sparse sampling of sewered and non-sewered wastewater in urban and rural communities.iScience · 2023Article
- Seroprevalence and socioeconomic impact of the first SARS-CoV-2 infection wave in a small town in Navarre, Spain.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and Public Health Spending; Effects on the Economic Sustainability of the Spanish Private Healthcare System.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Observational
- Socioeconomic differences in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation and mortality in urban areas in a region in the South of Europe.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The Economic Impact of the SARS Epidemic with Related Interventions in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Syndemic aspects between COVID-19 pandemic and social inequalities.World journal of methodology · 2022Review
- Implementation and Evaluation of Two Nudges in a Hospital's Electronic Prescribing System to Optimise Cost-Effective Prescribing.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Biopsychosocial exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic and the relative risk of schizophrenia: Interrupted time-series analysis of a nationally representative sample.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022Article
- Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychotropic drug consumption.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Induced Economic Slowdown and Mental Health Issues.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Review
- The Mu strain: the last but not least circulating 'variant of interest' potentially affecting the COVID-19 pandemic.Future virology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has hit both the Spanish economy and the population's health hard. The result is an unprecedented economic and social crisis due to uncertainty about the remedy and the socioeconomic effects on people's lives.
methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the macroeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 using key indicators of the Spanish economy for the 17 Autonomous Communities (ACs) of the country. National statistics were examined in the search for impacts or anomalies occurring since the beginning of the pandemic. To estimate the strength of the impact on each of the indicators analyzed, we used Bayesian structural time series. We also calculated the correlation between the rate of GDP decline during 2020 and the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in the ACs.
resultsIn 2020, the cumulative impact on the gross domestic product was of -11.41% (95% credible interval: -13.46; -9.29). The indicator for business turnover changed by -9.37% (-12.71; -6.07). The Spanish employment market was strongly affected; our estimates showed a cumulative increase of 11.9% (4.27; 19.45) in the rate of unemployment during 2020. The worst indicators were recorded in the ACs most economically dependent on the services sector. There was no statistical association between the incidence of COVID-19 in 2020 and the fall in GDP in the ACs.
conclusionsOur estimates portray a dramatic situation in Spain, where the COVID-19 crisis has had more serious economic and health consequences than in other European countries. The productive system in Spain is too dependent on sectors vulnerable to the pandemic, and it is necessary to design and implement profound changes through the European Next Generation program.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.