Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33925064›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Spatial Patterns in Hospital-Acquired Infections in Portugal (2014-2017).

Hugo Teixeira, Alberto Freitas, António Sarmento, Paulo Nossa, Hernâni Gonçalves, Maria de Fátima Pina

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Characterization ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. The Global Burden ofInfectious disease reports · 2025
    Review
  4. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Hugo TeixeiraMEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-8283-5826
Alberto FreitasMEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-2113-9653
António SarmentoINEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Paulo NossaCEGOT, Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Coimbra, 3004-530 Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-5000-8754
Hernâni GonçalvesMEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-6558-8966
Maria de Fátima PinaINEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Universidade do Porto · PTCentro de Estudos em Geografia e Ordenamento do Territorio · PT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) represent the most frequent adverse event associated with healthcare delivery and result in prolonged hospital stays and deaths worldwide.

aimTo analyze the spatial patterns of HAI incidence from 2014 to 2017 in Portugal.

methodsData from the Portuguese Discharge Hospital Register were used. We selected episodes of patients with no infection on admission and with any of the following HAI diagnoses: catheter-related bloodstream infections, intestinal infections by

resultsA total of 318,218 HAIs were registered, with men accounting for 49.8% cases. The median length of stay (LOS) was 9.0 days, and 15.7% of patients died during the hospitalization. The peak of HAIs (

conclusionThe incidence of HAI is not randomly distributed in the space; clusters of high risk in the central region were seen over the entire study period. These findings may be useful to support healthcare policymakers and to promote a revision of infection control policies, providing insights for improved implementation.

Indexed as

Cross InfectionUrinary Tract InfectionsBayes TheoremHospitalsHumansIncidenceMalePortugalage-standardized hospitalization rateshospital-acquired infectionsPortugalspatial autocorrelationspatial epidemiology

Identifiers

PMID33925064
PMCPMC8124660
OpenAlexW3158066026

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.