ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Facial Affect Recognition by Patients with Schizophrenia Using Human Avatars.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Facial emotion identification impairments in Chinese persons living with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Emotion recognition misclassification patterns in individuals with psychotic spectrum disorders and history of interpersonal aggression.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Differences in emotion recognition between nonimmersive versus immersive virtual reality: preliminary findings in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of multi-task cognitive activation therapy combining motor and cognitive tasks in patients with schizophrenia.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Harmonizing cross-cultural and transdiagnostic assessment of social cognition by expert panel consensus.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Facial Emotion Recognition Ability in Individuals with Remitted Schizophrenia in Comparison to Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Cerebral perfusion differences in the visual cortex and fusiform subregions across the psychosis spectrum.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Usability, sense of presence, and performance of a virtual reality emotion recognition task.PloS one · 2025Article
- A network analysis of facial and vocal emotion recognition deficits in schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Abnormal ambiguous facial expression recognition in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- An exploratory study of the effect of age and gender on face scanning during affect recognition in immersive virtual reality.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Use of Virtual Reality Technology in the Treatment of Psychopathological Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- How Interpersonal Distance Between Avatar and Human Influences Facial Affect Recognition in Immersive Virtual Reality.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
People with schizophrenia have difficulty recognizing the emotions in the facial expressions of others, which affects their social interaction and functioning in the community. Static stimuli such as photographs have been used traditionally to examine deficiencies in the recognition of emotions in patients with schizophrenia, which has been criticized by some authors for lacking the dynamism that real facial stimuli have. With the aim of overcoming these drawbacks, in recent years, the creation and validation of virtual humans has been developed. This work presents the results of a study that evaluated facial recognition of emotions through a new set of dynamic virtual humans previously designed by the research team, in patients diagnosed of schizophrenia. The study included 56 stable patients, compared with 56 healthy controls. Our results showed that patients with schizophrenia present a deficit in facial affect recognition, compared to healthy controls (average hit rate 71.6% for patients vs 90.0% for controls). Facial expressions with greater dynamism (compared to less dynamic ones), as well as those presented from frontal view (compared to profile view) were better recognized in both groups. Regarding clinical and sociodemographic variables, the number of hospitalizations throughout life did not correlate with recognition rates. There was also no correlation between functioning or quality of life and recognition. A trend showed a reduction in the emotional recognition rate as a result of increases in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), being statistically significant for negative PANSS. Patients presented a learning effect during the progression of the task, slightly greater in comparison to the control group. This finding is relevant when designing training interventions for people with schizophrenia. Maintaining the attention of patients and getting them to improve in the proposed tasks is a challenge for today's psychiatry.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.