ArticleViruses2021
Surveillance for Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, and Other Mucocutaneous Symptoms in Spain, 2006-2020.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances on coxsackievirus A6 vaccine research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Global epidemiological and aetiological patterns of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a country-level scoping synthesis.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Evolutionary and molecular characteristics of high-Shannon entropy codons in VP1 of Coxsackievirus A6.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Pathological characteristics of coxsackievirus A14 in neonatal mice model.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Emergence and spread of multirecombinant enterovirus A71 lineages C1.3/RF5 and C1.3/RF6 associated with neurological diseases in Europe, 2016-2022, ENPEN multicentre study.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Joint estimation of hand-foot-mouth disease model and prediction in korea using the ensemble kalman filter.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- [The role of the National Polio Laboratory and the network of Sub-National Laboratories in the eradication of poliomyelitis in Spain].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2025Article
- First Report of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Outbreak in the West Bank, Palestine: Molecular Characterization of Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16).The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Article
- Transition of D3c branch and novel recombination events contribute to the diversity of Coxsackievirus A6 in Beijing, China, from 2019 to 2023.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Incidence, clinical manifestations and characterization of Enterovirus in the last decade (2014-2023) in Asturias (Spain). Effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Changing Epidemiology of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Causative Agents and Contributing Factors.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Review
- Article
- Identification of specific and shared epitopes at the extreme N-terminal VP1 of Coxsackievirus A4, A2 and A5 by monoclonal antibodies.Virus research · 2023Article
- 'Tomato flu' a new epidemic in India: Virology, epidemiology, and clinical features.New microbes and new infections · 2023Review
- Article
- Molecular characterization of enterovirus detected in cerebrospinal fluid and wastewater samples in Monastir, Tunisia, 2014-2017.Virology journal · 2022Article
- First seroepidemiological investigation of human enterovirus 71 in Iran.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a mild illness caused by enteroviruses (EV), although in some Asian countries, large outbreaks have been reported in the last 25 years, with a considerable incidence of neurological complications. This study describes epidemiological and clinical characteristics of EV infections involved in HFMD and other mucocutaneous symptoms from 2006 to 2020 in Spain. EV-positive samples from 368 patients were included. EV species A were identified in 85.1% of those typed EV. Coxsackievirus (CV) A6 was the prevalent serotype (60.9%), followed by EV-A71 (9.9%) and CVA16 (7.7%). Infections affected children (1-6 years old) mainly, and show seasonality with peaks in spring-summer and autumn. Clinical data indicated few cases of atypical HFMD as well as those with neurological complications (associated with the 2016 EV-A71 outbreak). Phylogenetic analysis of CVA6 VP1 sequences showed different sub-clusters circulating from 2010 to present. In conclusion, HFMD or exanthemas case reporting has increased in Spain in recent years, probably associated with an increase in circulation of CVA6, although they did not seem to show greater severity. However, EV surveillance in mucocutaneous manifestations should be improved to identify the emergence of new types or variants causing outbreaks and more severe pathologies.
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