ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Immune Modulatory Activities of Arginyl-Fructose (AF) and AF-Enriched Natural Products in In-Vitro and In-Vivo Animal Models.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying immunostimulatory herbal supplements that may flare autoimmune skin diseases: a systematic scoping review.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Argininyl-Fructosyl-Galactose: A Novel Amino Acid Derivative Improves Cisplatin-induced Intestinal Toxicity via Reactive Oxygen Species-mediated Apoptosis Pathway.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Enhanced immunity effect of Korean Red Ginseng capsule: A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in maintaining body homeostasis. Recent studies on the immune-enhancing effects of ginseng saponins have revealed more diverse mechanisms of action. Maillard reaction that occurs during the manufacturing processes of red ginseng produces a large amount of Amadori rearrangement compounds (ARCs), such as arginyl-fructose (AF). The antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects of AF have been reported. However, the possible immune enhancing effects of non-saponin ginseng compounds, such as AF, have not been investigated. In this study the effects of AF and AF-enriched natural product (Ginofos, GF) on proliferation of normal mouse splenocytes were evaluated in vitro and male BALB/c mice models. The proliferation of splenocytes treated with mitogens (concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide) were further increased by addition of AF (
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