ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
A Simple and Quick Method for Loading Proteins in Extracellular Vesicles.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- EV-LYSG101: Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With Lysin LYSG101 for Potent Anti-Staphylococcal Activity.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as emerging cardioprotective agents for cardiovascular diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- A review of recent advances in exosome-mediated drug delivery for regenerative therapy and immunomodulation.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Integrative Approaches to Treating Cellular Senescence in Kidney Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Targeting cellular senescence in diabetic kidney disease: potential of regenerative, cell-based therapies and other senotherapeutic approaches.Kidney international · 2026Review
- Electroporation induced changes in extracellular vesicle profile.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- A modular strategy for extracellular vesicle-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery through aptamer-based loading and UV-activated cargo release.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Innovative gene engineering and drug delivery systems for dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Lipoprotein Association Fluorometry (LAF) as a Semi-Quantitative Characterization Tool to Assess Extracellular Vesicle-Lipoprotein Binding.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles in natural killer cell immune evasion: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic insights.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Exploring the potential of bacterial-derived EVs for targeted enzyme replacement therapy: mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Natural and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles in Diagnosis, Monitoring and Treatment of Cancer.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Lipid Nanovesicle Platforms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Precision Medicine Therapeutics: Progress and Perspectives.Organogenesis · 2024Review
- Serum Extracellular Vesicles Cargo Approach in Bitches with Mammary Tumors.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Next-Generation Diagnostics and Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Micro Trojan horses: Engineering extracellular vesicles crossing biological barriers for drug delivery.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicle and Lipoprotein Interactions.Nano letters · 2024Review
- CRISPR-Cas9 delivery strategies with engineered extracellular vesicles.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Review
- Vasculature organotropism in drug delivery.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular transport of biomolecular cargo in the body, making them promising delivery vehicles for bioactive compounds. Genetic engineering of producer cells has enabled encapsulation of therapeutic proteins in EVs. However, genetic engineering approaches can be expensive, time-consuming, and incompatible with certain EV sources, such as human plasma and bovine milk. The goal of this study was to develop a quick, versatile, and simple method for loading proteins in EVs post-isolation. Proteins, including CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), were bound to cationic lipids that were further complexed with MDA-MB-231 cell-derived EVs through passive incubation. Size-exclusion chromatography was used to remove components that were not complexed with EVs. The ability of EVs to mediate intracellular delivery of proteins was compared to conventional methods, such as electroporation and commercial protein transfection reagents. The results indicate that EVs retain native features following protein-loading and obtain similar levels of intracellular protein delivery as conventional methods, but display less toxicity. This method opens up opportunities for rapid exploration of EVs for protein delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.