ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Inhibition of Autophagy Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Thioridazine in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing Antipsychotics in Cancer Therapy: Modulation of Autophagy Mechanisms.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Review
- Novel copper-phenothiazine-amino acid complexes exhibit selective anticancer activity via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Modulation of Autophagy Can Sensitize Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines to Dexamethasone.Cancers · 2026Article
- Phenothiazine Derivatives and Their Impact on the Apoptosis Processes: A Review.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Review
- Exploring novel therapeutic strategies: Static Magnetic Fields in combination with doxorubicin induce ROS and apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Polyamidoamine Dendrimers Functionalized with ZnO-Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Efficient Surface for L-asparaginase Immobilization.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Hypoxia-initiated Cysteine-rich protein 61 secretion promotes chemoresistance of acute B lymphoblastic leukemia cells.American journal of cancer research · 2024Article
- Inhibition of PI3K Signaling Intensified the Antileukemic Effects of Pioglitazone: New Insight into the Application of PPARγ Stimulators in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion · 2023Article
- Repurposing phenothiazines for cancer therapy: compromising membrane integrity in cancer cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Targeting CaLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Mechanisms of Phenothiazine Drugs: A Mini-Review of Advances in Cancer Treatment and Antibiotic Resistance.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive malignant disorder of lymphoid progenitor cells that affects children and adults. Despite the high cure rates, drug resistance still remains a significant clinical problem, which stimulates the development of new therapeutic strategies and drugs to improve the disease outcome. Antipsychotic phenothiazines have emerged as potential candidates to be repositioned as antitumor drugs. It was previously shown that the anti-histaminic phenothiazine derivative promethazine induced autophagy-associated cell death in chronic myeloid leukemia cells, although autophagy can act as a "double-edged sword" contributing to cell survival or cell death. Here we evaluated the role of autophagy in thioridazine (TR)-induced cell death in the human ALL model. TR induced apoptosis in ALL Jurkat cells and it was not cytotoxic to normal peripheral mononuclear blood cells. TR promoted the activation of caspase-8 and -3, which was associated with increased NOXA/MCL-1 ratio and autophagy triggering. AMPK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways are involved in TR-induced cell death. The inhibition of the autophagic process enhanced the cytotoxicity of TR in Jurkat cells, highlighting autophagy as a targetable process for drug development purposes in ALL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.