ReviewNutrients2021
Effects of Bitter Substances on GI Function, Energy Intake and Glycaemia-Do Preclinical Findings Translate to Outcomes in Humans?
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Quinine Effects on Gut and Pancreatic Hormones and Antropyloroduodenal Pressures in Humans-Role of Delivery Site and Sex.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Trial
- Gentian root bitters for the rapid suppression of post-propofol singultus: a case report.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
- Genetic Variants Increasing TAS2R38 Bitter Taste Receptor Sensitivity Are Associated With Lower Postprandial Glycemia.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Altered Hippocampal Transcriptomic Profile Reveals Cognitive Impairment in Young Metabolically Obese, Normal-Weight Rats, Prevented by Perinatal Leptin Intake.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- The appearance of bitter taste receptors - inspiration from structure, expression, function, and mechanism.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Quinine: rediscovery of an old glucose-lowering drug.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Liraglutide and denatonium benzoate attenuate T2DM-induced metabolic, neurological, and testicular changes in rats: Targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and BCRP transporter.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Bitter taste receptors as sensors of gut luminal contents.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Case Report: Oral fecal microbiota transplantation in a Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Two traditional Apulian varieties ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Potential role of glucagon like peptide 1 in taste receptors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activities of the Most Favored Ready-to-Use Thai Curries, Pad-Ka-Proa (Spicy Basil Leaves) and Massaman.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Substance P and Glucagon-like Peptide-1Toxins · 2022Article
- Appetite and Satiety Control-Contribution of Gut Mechanisms.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bitter substances are contained in many plants, are often toxic and can be present in spoiled food. Thus, the capacity to detect bitter taste has classically been viewed to have evolved primarily to signal the presence of toxins and thereby avoid their consumption. The recognition, based on preclinical studies (i.e., studies in cell cultures or experimental animals), that bitter substances may have potent effects to stimulate the secretion of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones and modulate gut motility, via activation of bitter taste receptors located in the GI tract, reduce food intake and lower postprandial blood glucose, has sparked considerable interest in their potential use in the management or prevention of obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. However, it remains to be established whether findings from preclinical studies can be translated to health outcomes, including weight loss and improved long-term glycaemic control. This review examines information relating to the effects of bitter substances on the secretion of key gut hormones, gastric motility, food intake and blood glucose in preclinical studies, as well as the evidence from clinical studies, as to whether findings from animal studies translate to humans. Finally, the evidence that bitter substances have the capacity to reduce body weight and/or improve glycaemic control in obesity and/or type 2 diabetes, and potentially represent a novel strategy for the management, or prevention, of obesity and type 2 diabetes, is explored.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.