ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
The HSV-1 Transcription Factor ICP4 Confers Liquid-Like Properties to Viral Replication Compartments.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rational attenuation of duck plague virus by targeting the ICP4 DNA-binding domain generates a safe and efficacious live vaccine candidate.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Targeted mutagenesis of the ICP4 transactivation domain generates a protective DIVA vaccine against duck plague.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Liquid-liquid phase separation in the viral replication cycle: new paradigms and therapeutic opportunities.Archives of virology · 2026Review
- Grass carp reovirus VP35 hijacks DHX15 into phase-separated inclusion bodies to evade host antiviral immunity.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Nucleus softens during herpesvirus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Mechanisms, Roles, and Implications in Cellular Function and Disease.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Review
- Functional and Structural Determinants of Long- and Short-Term Evolution of Herpesvirus Proteins.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Polyclonal LC3B Antibodies Generate Non-Specific Staining in the Nucleus of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Cells: Caution in the Interpretation of LC3 Staining in the Immunofluorescence Analysis of Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The S-Phase Arrest of Host Cells Caused by an Alpha-Herpesvirus Genome Replication Facilitates Viral Recruitment of RNA Polymerase II to Transcribe Viral Genes.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- The Protein Encoded by the UL3.5 Gene of the Duck Plague Virus Affects Viral Secondary Envelopment, Release, and Cell-to-Cell Spread.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Phosphorylated-tau associates with HSV-1 chromatin and correlates with nuclear speckles decondensation in low-density host chromatin regions.Neurobiology of disease · 2025Article
- Regulation of innate immunity by liquid-liquid phase separation: a focus on veterinary viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- A Revision of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Transcription: First, Repress; Then, Express.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Liquid-liquid phase separation: a new perspective on respiratory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Alphaherpesvirus-mediated remodeling of the cellular transcriptome results in depletion of m6A-containing transcripts.iScience · 2023Article
- Biomolecular phase separation in stress granule assembly and virus infection.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2023Article
- Article
- Codon usage bias of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and its host adaption.Virus research · 2023Article
- Membraneless Compartmentalization of Nuclear Assembly Sites during Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection.Viruses · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) forms progeny in the nucleus within distinct membrane-less inclusions, the viral replication compartments (VRCs), where viral gene expression, DNA replication, and packaging occur. The way in which the VRCs maintain spatial integrity remains unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that the essential viral transcription factor ICP4 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) capable of driving protein condensation and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in transfected cells. Particularly, ICP4 forms nuclear liquid-like condensates in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assays revealed rapid exchange rates of EYFP-ICP4 between phase-separated condensates and the surroundings, akin to other viral IDPs that drive LLPS. Likewise, HSV-1 VRCs revealed by EYFP-tagged ICP4 retained their liquid-like nature, suggesting that they are phase-separated condensates. Individual VRCs homotypically fused when reaching close proximity and grew over the course of infection. Together, the results of this study demonstrate that the HSV-1 transcription factor ICP4 has characteristics of a viral IDP, forms condensates in the cell nucleus by LLPS, and can be used as a proxy for HSV-1 VRCs with characteristics of liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.