ReviewBiomedicines2021
Pharmacological and Therapeutic Approaches in the Treatment of Epilepsy.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric and visualized analysis of current advances and future directions in epilepsy: from molecular basis to therapy.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of antioxidants and dietary therapies for epilepsy: an umbrella meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The relationships between obesity and epilepsy: A systematic review with meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Dietary amino acid patterns and epilepsy among the PERSIAN cohort population: A cross-sectional study.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Healing from the Ocean: Targeting Shared Mechanisms in Autism and Epilepsy Using Algae-Derived Compounds.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Article
- CRISPR-Based Gene Therapy for Brain Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Article
- The minimally invasive grid approach for seizure localization: patient series.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2026Article
- Insulin resistance and epilepsy: an emerging pathophysiological nexus.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Etiology, Symptoms, and Treatment of Epilepsy: Advances and Perspectives.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Breaking the resistance: a narrative review of the evolution from traditional drugs to precision therapies in epilepsy.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Quality of life among patients with epilepsy in the western region of KSA: A cross-sectional study.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- The Exchange Breathing Method for Seizure Intervention: A Historical and Scientific Review of Epilepsy and Its Evolving Therapeutic Paradigms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Observational
- Nanotherapeutics for Meningitis: Enhancing Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Revolutionary Approach for Combating Efflux Transporter-mediated Resistant Epilepsy: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Article
- Developing a machine learning model to assist in predicting treatment success in children with drug-resistant epilepsy.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- A Mutual Nexus Between Epilepsy and α-Synuclein: A Puzzle Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epilepsy affects around 50 million people across the globe and is the third most common chronic brain disorder. It is a non-communicable disease of the brain that affects people of all ages. It is accompanied by depression, anxiety, and substantially increased morbidity and mortality. A large number of third-generation anti-epileptic drugs are available, but they have multiple side-effects causing a decline in the quality of life. The inheritance and etiology of epilepsy are complex with multiple underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Different neurotransmitters play intricate functions to maintain the normal physiology of various neurons. If there is any dysregulation of neurotransmission due to aberrant transmitter levels or their receptor biology, it can result in seizures. In this review, we have discussed the roles played by various neurotransmitters and their receptors in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) has remained one of the forefront areas of epilepsy research for a long time. Understanding the mechanisms underlying DRE is of utmost importance because of its high incidence rate among epilepsy patients and increased risks of psychosocial problems and premature death. Here we have enumerated various hypotheses of DRE. Further, we have discussed different non-conventional therapeutic strategies, including combination therapy and non-drug treatment. The recent studies supporting the modern approaches for the treatment of epilepsy have been deliberated with particular reference to the mTOR pathway, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and inflammatory pathways.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.